Maurizio Bolognini

Maurizio Bolognini (born July 27, 1952) is a post-conceptual media artist. His installations are mainly concerned with the aesthetics of machines,[1] and are based on the minimal and abstract activation of technological processes that are beyond the artist's control,[2] at the intersection of generative art, public art and e-democracy.[3]

Maurizio Bolognini (2004)

Background

Maurizio Bolognini was born in Brescia, Italy. Before working as a media artist, he received degrees in Urban studies and Social science from the University of Birmingham, UK, and the Università Iuav di Venezia. He worked extensively as a researcher in the field of structured communication techniques (such as the real-time Delphi method), and electronic democracy,[4] which he later used in some interactive installations. His research interests and a wide range of artworks have focused on three main dimensions of digital technologies:

Sealed Computers (Nice, 1997). This installation uses computer codes to create endless flows of random images which will never be accessible for viewing.
Interactive installation/CIM series (computer, audience cell phones, video projector), Art Palace, Cairo, 2008.

— the possibility of delegating his artistic action to the infinite time of the machine, such as in his Programmed Machines. From the beginning (1988), this series introduced the concept of infinity into his work,[5] and focused on "the experience of the disproportion (and disjunction) between artist and the artwork, which is made possible by computer-based technologies";[6]

— the space-time flows of technological communication, and the interplay of geographical and electronic space, which gave rise to works such as Altavista (1996),[7] Antipodes (1998),[8] and Museophagia (1998–99), in which the use of web-based communication flows focused on their physical infrastructure and was often combined with actions taken over long distance travels;[9]

— the introduction of new forms of interactivity based upon structured communication techniques and e-democracy, which he used in works such as the CIMs (Collective Intelligence Machines, since 2000)[10] and ICB (Interactive Collective Blue, 2006).[11]

Some of these works were developed through intense cooperation with Artmedia, the Laboratory of the Aesthetics of Media and Communication, University of Salerno, and the Laboratory Museum of Contemporary Art (MLAC), Sapienza University of Rome. In 2003 the MLAC published a monograph book on Bolognini's work.[12] In 2004 Artmedia organized a show which was aimed to highlight a European tendency in new media art, based on the concept of the technological sublime. The show included works by Roy Ascott (English), Maurizio Bolognini (Italian), Fred Forest (French), Richard Kriesche (Austrian) and Mit Mitropoulos (Greek).[13]

Programmed Machines / Sealed Computers
Museophagia, 1998-99.
SMSMS-SMS Mediated Sublime/CIM series (computer, audience cell phones, video projector), Imola, Italy, 2006: an interactive installation that aims to involve the audience in the experience of the manipulation and consumption of the technological sublime.
SMS Mediated Sublime/CIM series: interaction structure.
ICB144 (Interactive Collective Blue, Round 144), 42 x 64 cm, 2006. The interaction structure of the CIMs was also used in ICB (Interactive Collective Blue), in order to define a series of Democratic Blues.

In 1988, Bolognini began using personal computers to generate flows of continuously expanding random images. In the 1990s, he programmed hundreds of these computers and left them to run ad infinitum (most of these are still working now). About his Programmed Machines he wrote: "I do not consider myself an artist who creates certain images, and I am not merely a conceptual artist. I am one whose machines have actually traced more lines than anyone else, covering boundless surfaces. I am not interested in the formal quality of the images produced by my installations but rather in their flow, their limitlessness in space and time, and the possibility of creating parallel universes of information made up of kilometres of images and infinite trajectories. My installations serve to generate out-of-control infinities."[14]

The Programmed Machines (and in particular the Sealed Computers, since 1992, whose monitor buses are closed with wax and whose graphic outputs cannot be displayed) [15] are considered among his most significant works.[16] These Machines were exhibited in many museums and art galleries, in Europe and the United States. In 2003 some sixty Machines were exhibited in three simultaneous shows arranged at the Laboratory Museum of Contemporary Art in Rome, the CACTicino Center for Contemporary Art in Switzerland, and the Williamsburg Art & Historical Center in New York. In 2005 the Villa Croce Museum of Contemporary Art, Genoa, dedicated a retrospective and a monograph to these works.[17]

Since 2000, Bolognini has concentrated on combining the Programmed Machines with communication devices, as in the Collective Intelligence Machines. These are interactive installations connecting some of his generative machines to the mobile telephone network,[18] to allow a real-time Delphi-like interaction by members of the public. These installations delegate choices to both electronic devices and processes of communication and e-democracy with the aim of involving the audience in new forms of “generative, interactive and public art”.[19]

Maurizio Bolognini's work has been considered relevant to the theory of the technological sublime[20] and the aesthetics of flux (as opposed to the aesthetics of form),[21] and has been seen as a further development of conceptual art within neo-technological art.[22]

See also

References
  1. Andreas Broeckmann (2016), Machine Art in the Twentieth Century, Cambridge Ma: MIT Press, ISBN 9780262035064, pp. 1, 6, 115-116.
  2. Mario Costa (2003), New Technologies. Artmedia, University of Salerno, Museo del Sannio, pp. 7-12.
  3. Maurizio Bolognini, "De l'interaction à la démocratie. Vers un art génératif post-digital" / "From interactivity to democracy. Towards a post-digital generative art", Artmedia X Proceedings, Paris, 2010. Also in Ethique, esthétique, communication technologique, Edition L'Harmattan. Paris, 2011, pp. 229-239.
  4. Simonetta Lux (2007), Arte ipercontemporanea (in Italian), Rome: Gangemi Editore, ISBN 978-88-492-1114-6, pp. 480-481.
  5. Sandra Solimano (ed.) (2005), Maurizio Bolognini. Programmed Machines 1990-2005, Genoa: Villa Croce Museum of Contemporary Art, Neos, ISBN 88-87262-47-0CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link).
  6. Maurizio Bolognini (2008), Postdigitale, Rome: Carocci Editore, p. 24.
  7. Fred Forest (2008), Art et Internet (in French), Paris: Cercle d'art, ISBN 978-2-7022-0864-9, pp. 67-71.
  8. Vincenzo Cuomo, "L’altro nella rete", Kainós, 2, 2003.
  9. Derrick de Kerckhove, "Museophagia - The art gallery in the age of its digital reproduction", in Piero Cavellini (ed.) (1999), Maurizio Bolognini. Raptus, Brescia: Nuovi Strumenti, pp. 19-25.
  10. Maurizio Bolognini, "De l'interaction à la démocratie. Vers un art génératif post-digital" / "From interactivity to democracy. Towards a post-digital generative art", Artmedia X Proceedings. Paris, 2010.
  11. Maurizio Bolognini (2008), Postdigitale, Rome: Carocci Editore, pp. 20-21.
  12. Domenico Scudero (ed.) (2003), Maurizio Bolognini: installazioni, disegni, azioni (in Italian), Rome: Lithos, ISBN 88-86584-71-7CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link).
  13. Mario Costa (2003), New Technologies: Ascott, Bolognini, Forest, Kriesche, Mitropoulos. Artmedia, University of Salerno, Museo del Sannio.
  14. Sandra Solimano (ed.) (2005), Maurizio Bolognini. Programmed Machines 1990-2005, Genoa: Villa Croce Museum of Contemporary Art, Neos, p. 15.
  15. "The complete inaccessibility of the vast quantity of visual imagery created by the work references a technological sublimity of the void beneath the digital world”, according to Garfield Benjamin (2016), The Cyborg Subject. Reality, Consciousness, Parallax, London: Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-58448-9, p. 86.
  16. Andreas Broeckmann, "Image, Process, Performance, Machine: Aspects of an Aesthetics of the Machinic", in Oliver Grau (ed.) (2007), Media Art Histories, Cambridge: MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-07279-3CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link), pp. 204-205. Andreas Broeckmann, "Software Art Aesthetics", in David Olivier Lartigaud (ed.) (2008) (in French), Art orienté programmation. Paris: Sorbonne University. Inke Arns (2005), "Code as Performative Speech Act" Archived 2010-08-01 at the Wayback Machine, Artnodes, 5, Open University of Catalonia. Mario Costa (2006), Dimenticare l’arte (in Italian), Milan: Franco Angeli, ISBN 978-88-464-6364-7, pp. 137-138. Simonetta Lux (2007), Arte ipercontemporanea, Rome: Gangemi Editore, pp. 374-393. Domenico Scudero (ed.) (2003), Maurizio Bolognini: installazioni, disegni, azioni, Rome: Lithos, pp. 9-49. Andres Ramirez Gaviria (2004), Approaches in Multimedia Art, New York: New York Arts Books, pp. 33-35. Pedrini, E. (ed.) (2003), Maurizio Bolognini: Between Utopia and Infochaos, New York: Williamsburg Art & Historical Center. Mario Costa (2007), L'oggetto estetico e la critica (in Italian), Salerno: Edisud, ISBN 978-8896-15-4, pp. 31-43. Mario Costa, Vittorio Cafagna (2005), Phenomenology of New Tech Arts, Artmedia, University of Salerno, Department of Philosophy, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, pp. 18-20. Robert C. Morgan, "Maurizio Bolognini: The Problematic of Art", Luxflux, 4, 2004, pp. 94-101.
  17. Sandra Solimano (ed.) (2005), Maurizio Bolognini. Programmed Machines 1990-2005, Genoa: Villa Croce Museum of Contemporary Art, Neos.
  18. Maurizio Bolognini, "The SMSMS Project: Collective Intelligence Machines in the Digital City", Leonardo/MIT Press, 37/2, 2004, pp. 147-149; Maurizio Bolognini, "Infoinstallations et ville numérique", Ligeia. Dossiers sur l’art, 45-48. Paris, 2003, pp. 57-60.
  19. Maurizio Bolognini (2010), "De l'interaction à la démocratie. Vers un art gėnėratif post-digital", Artmedia X Proceedings, Paris. See also C. Hope, J. Ryan (2014), Digital Arts. An Introduction to New Media, New York: Bloomsbury, ISBN 9781780933290, ch. 9: “Maurizio Bolognini revises the very notion of a digital device to encompass hardware, software and the public. Postdigital artists see digital devices as enmeshed in social processes and patterns. […] New modes of participation offer a variety of possibilities for digital art in which there is a shift from weak modes of public interaction to stronger modes that promote democracy and public decision-making. To be sure, digital art in the future will utilize participatory technologies and mobile communications to a greater extent.”
  20. (2003), Mario Costa, New Technologies: Ascott, Bolognini, Forest, Kriesche, Mitropoulos, Artmedia, University of Salerno, Museo del Sannio, pp. 7-12; Andreas Broeckmann, "Software Art Aesthetics", in David Olivier Lartigaud (ed.) (2008), Art orienté programmation, Paris: Sorbonne University.
  21. Mario Costa (2006), Dimenticare l’arte, Milan: Franco Angeli; Mario Costa (2010), Arte contemporanea ed estetica del flusso (in Italian), Vercelli: Edizioni Mercurio, ISBN 978-88-95522-61-6, pp. 123-124.
  22. Sandra Solimano, "Metaphors and Moves", in Maurizio Bolognini. Personal Infinity, Brescia: Nuovi Strumenti, pp. 17-18; Robert C. Morgan, "Maurizio Bolognini: The Problematic of Art", Luxflux, 4, 2004, p. 96.
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