Mela Kadambur Amirthakadeswarar Temple

Mela Kadambur Amirthakadeswarar Temple (மேலக்கடம்பூர் அமிர்தகடேஸ்வரர் கோயில்)[1] is a Hindu temple located at Melakadambur in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. The historical name of the place is Tirukadambur. [2] The presiding deity is Shiva. He is called as Amirtha Kadeswarar. His consort is known as Vidyujothi Nayaki. The temple has beautiful sculptures and the vimana is in the form of a chariot. It was built by emperor Kulottunga Chola I.[3]

Profile view, Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur

Etymology

The name of the temple is derived from the words Amritha meaning nectar, Kada meaning pot and Eeswara meaning Lord Shiva.

Temple legend
Sunken wheel of Chariot, Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur

When the Devas won the nectar from the Asuras, they began drinking it without paying due respect to Lord Ganesha. This infuriated him and he took away the pot of nectar. When he was passing through this place a drop of nectar fell and got manifested as a Swayambhu Linga. Realising their mistake, Indra and the other Devas asked Ganesha to forgive them who in turn returned the pot of nectar and told the Devas to worship Lord Shiva here as AmrithaKadeshwarar.

Aditi the mother of Devas came here to worship Lord Shiva everyday. So, Indra decided to turn the temple into a chariot and have it pulled to Devaloka, the abode of Devas so that his mother did not have to visit this place to worship Shiva everyday. Lord Ganesha having noticed this pressed the chariot with his leg and as a consequence one of the wheels sank and got stuck into the ground. Indra then prayed to Ganesha and requested to allow him to move the temple to Devaloka. Ganesha agreed to let the temple go if Indra installed a crore lingas. However, when Indra tried installing the lingas every piece got damaged and finally Indra went back to Shiva, his pride broken, and requested him for help. Shiva in the form of Lord Amrithakadeswarar then asked Indra to install one linga by chanting his name a thousand times. Accordingly, when Indra completed the penance, Lord Shiva appeared before him and told him that he wished to stay in the same place and worship Amrithakadeswarar on behalf of Aditi, Indra's mother. It is believed that Indra visits the temple everyday to worship Lord Shiva in the form of Amrithakadeswarar.

The temple has been well preserved and the chariot with one of its wheels stuck in the ground can be seen to this day.

Architecture
Horse detail Amrithakadeswarar temple Melakadambur

The temple is constructed in Dravidian style of architecture. It is classified as Karak kovil, a temple built resembling the shape of a chariot used during temple festivals. Literary evidence is found in Tamil works, which refer the temple as Karak Koil.[4] Similar architecture of halls (Mandapas) simulating a chariot drawn by elephant or horses is found in Sarangapani temple at Kumbakonam, Sikharagiriswara Temple, Kudumiyamalai, Nageswaraswamy Temple, Kumbakonam, Vriddhagiriswarar Temple, Vriddhachalam and Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur.[5]

Significance

It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams - Shiva Sthalams glorified in the early medieval Tevaram poems by Tamil Saivite Nayanars Tirunavukkarasar and Sundarar. It is the 88th Paadal Petra Sthalam and the 34th Sthalam on the north side of the river Kaveri in the Chola country.

Literary Mention

Tirunavukkarasar describes the feature of the deity as:[6]

நங்க டம்பனைப் பெற்றவள் பங்கினன்

தென்க டம்பைத் திருக்கரக் கோயிலோன்
தன்க டன்னடி யேனையுந் தாங்குதல்

என்க டன்பணி செய்து கிடப்பதே.

References
  1. ta:மேலக்கடம்பூர் அமிர்தகடேஸ்வரர் கோயில்
  2. Sri Amirtha Kadeswarar temple, Dinamalar
  3. J. Gordon Melton. Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History. ABC-CLIO, 15-Jan-2014 - Reference - 2023 pages. p. 814.
  4. Reddy, G.Venkatramana. Alayam - The Hindu temple - An epitome of Hindu Culture. Mylapore, Chennai: Sri Ramakrishna Math. p. 32. ISBN 978-81-7823-542-4.
  5. H., Sarkar (1974). The Kampahesvara temple at Thirubuvanam (PDF). Madras: Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu. p. 9.
  6. Tirunavukkarasar Tevaram, V:19: 9

Sculptures

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