Mercouri Kanatzidis

Mercouri Kanatzidis (Greek: Μερκούριος Κανατζίδης; born 1957) is a Charles E. and Emma H. Morrison Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University[1] and Senior Scientist at Argonne National Laboratory.[2]

Mercouri Kanatzidis
Born1957 (age 63–64)
Thessaloniki, Greece
NationalityUnited States
Alma materAristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Iowa
AwardsSamson Prime Minister's Prize for Innovation in Alternative Fuels for Transportation, 2016; ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry, 2016; ENI Award for the "Renewable Energy Prize" category, 2015.
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry, Materials Science, and Nanotechnology
InstitutionsNorthwestern University, Argonne National Laboratory, Michigan State University

Kanatzidis was listed as one of the most cited researchers in Materials Science and Engineering in 2016 based on Elsevier Scopus data.[3] He has published over 1,300 manuscripts (ISI h-index =135 Google h-index = 155) and has over 30 patents. As of May 2018, Mercouri Kanatzidis has mentored over 56 Ph.D. students and nearly 90 postdoctoral fellows. More than 50 of these alumni hold academic positions worldwide.

Early life and education

Kanatzidis was born in Thessaloniki, Greece. He received his B.S. degree from Aristotle University in 1979 and his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1984 [1] (with Dimitri Coucouvanis). He spent two years at the University of Iowa from 1980-1982 and then moved to the University of Michigan when Coucouvanis moved there in 1982. He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Michigan (1985) and Northwestern University (1986-1987) where he worked with Professor Tobin J. Marks on conductive polymers and intercalation compounds. He became assistant professor at Michigan State University in 1987. He was promoted to full Professor in 1994. He moved to Northwestern University in 2006.

Research

Kanatzidis has developed synthesis methodologies for the design and discovery of new chalcogenide materials and intermetallics. He is known for the elaboration of flux synthesis techniques which allow reactions to proceed at lower temperatures than otherwise would and can lead to new structures and compositions. From his research, metal sulfide ion-exchangers[4] have been discovered. They are effective materials in heavy metal remediation of industrial waste waters.

Kanatzidis’ ideas on nanostructured thermoelectrics have had a strong impact in thermoelectric research and these ideas are now the new paradigm followed by researchers worldwide. He developed effective strategies for achieving "nanostructuring" in bulk thermoelectric semiconductors. This led to high performance materials e.g. AgPbmSbTe2+m (ZT~1.7),[5] PbTe-PbS (ZT~1.7)[6] and PbTe-SrTe (ZT~2.2).[7]

Nanostructured thermoelectric materials possess coherently embedded nanodots in PbTe (a phenomenon called endotaxy). The nanodots efficiently scatter heat carrying phonons and add to the other modes of scattering effectively lowering the thermal conductivity in some cases by >70% while allowing high electrical conductivity, giving a very high ZT of >2.2.

Kanatzidis, along with fellow researcher Professor Robert P.H. Chang at Northwestern, developed a new solar cell that uses tin instead of lead perovskite.[8] They published the first paper employing a halide perovskite CsSnI3 in an all solid state dye-sensitized Gratzel cell with ~10% efficiency. He was first to demonstrate functioning CH3NH3SnI3 based solar cells.

In 2016 Kanatzidis and Mohite showed that 2D iodide perovskites form films with vertical slab orientation and demonstrating >12% efficiency in a solar cell with far better stability than corresponding 3D MAPbI3-based solar cells.[9]  2D iodide perovskites are now widely used as mixtures of 2D/3D perovskites for solar cells exhibit both high stability and exceptional efficiency.

In 2013 he discovered the excellent x-ray detecting properties of the halide perovskite CsPbBr3 semiconductor.[10] He predicted its strong promise as a gamma-ray detector material which was demonstrated in 2018 and 2020 with less than 4%[11] and 1.4% energy resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy.[12]x

Kanatzidis has proposed ideas and concepts for predictive synthesis. For example, he demonstrated that certain systems of A/M/M’/Q (A = alkali; M, M’ = main group, Q = chalcogen) are "infinitely adaptive" and can yield new compounds, for almost any stoichiometry. This concept uses homologous superseries as a predictable path to new materials. Examples include as Cs4[Bi2n+4Te3n+6], CsPbmBi3Te5+m, Am[M1+lSe2+l]2m[M2l+nSe2+3l+n] (A = alkali metal, M = Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi), and (PbSe)n(Bi2Se3)m.[13] Kanatzidis refers to these homologous superseries as "compound generating machines".

Kanatzidis invented a new class of materials called chalcogels. These are unique inorganic compounds that are aerogels. Using ligand metathesis chemistry, he reported experimental conditions suitable to create gels and avoid the undesirable precipitates. The chalcogels are built like a sponge, and can soak up many heavy-metal atoms from polluted water. And because the chalcogels pack an enormous surface area into a tiny volume, small pieces can clear out thousands of liters of water. For example, the chalcogels reduce mercury, lead and cadmium concentrations down to ppt levels. Biomimetic chalcogels containing Fe4S4 clusters were reported to reduce photochemically N2 to NH3.[14]

Recent approaches include the development of panoramic synthesis. Traditional materials synthesis is often performed ex situ: the products are only examined after the reaction has completed. He and his group have used x-ray scattering to monitor materials synthesis reactions in situ. With a single experiment all phases in a given combination (e.g. Na/Cu/S, etc.) can be detected. This offers a panoramic view of all the phases present . "Panoramic synthesis" promises to unravel the mechanisms of how new materials form.

Awards and honors

References
  1. "Mercouri Kanatzidis, Professor". Northwestern University. Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  2. "Mercouri G. Kanatzidis, Senior Chemist Archived 2017-04-27 at the Wayback Machine". Argonne National Laboratory. Materials Science Division. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  3. "The 2016 List of Most Cited Researchers in Materials Science and Engineering by Elsevier Scopus Data". MSESupplies.com. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  4. Manos, Manolis J.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. (2016). "Metal sulfide ion exchangers: superior sorbents for the capture of toxic and nuclear waste-related metal ions". Chem. Sci. 7 (8): 4804–4824. doi:10.1039/C6SC01039C. PMC 6016724. PMID 30155129.
  5. Hsu, K. F.; Loo, S.; Guo, F.; Chen, W.; Dyck, J. S.; Uher, C.; Hogan, T.; Polychroniadis, E. K.; Kanatzidis, M. G. (6 February 2004). "Cubic AgPbmSbTe2+m: Bulk Thermoelectric Materials with High Figure of Merit". Science. 303 (5659): 818–821. Bibcode:2004Sci...303..818H. doi:10.1126/science.1092963. PMID 14764873. S2CID 12772102.
  6. Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. (9 February 2010). "Nanostructured Thermoelectrics: The New Paradigm?". Chemistry of Materials. 22 (3): 648–659. doi:10.1021/cm902195j.
  7. Biswas, Kanishka; He, Jiaqing; Blum, Ivan D.; Wu, Chun-I; Hogan, Timothy P.; Seidman, David N.; Dravid, Vinayak P.; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. (19 September 2012). "High-performance bulk thermoelectrics with all-scale hierarchical architectures". Nature. 489 (7416): 414–418. Bibcode:2012Natur.489..414B. doi:10.1038/nature11439. PMID 22996556. S2CID 4394616.
  8. "Taking the Lead out of a Promising Solar Cell". Northwestern University. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  9. Tsai, Hsinhan; Nie, Wanyi; Blancon, Jean-Christophe; Stoumpos, Constantinos C.; Asadpour, Reza; Harutyunyan, Boris; Neukirch, Amanda J.; Verduzco, Rafael; Crochet, Jared J.; Tretiak, Sergei; Pedesseau, Laurent (August 2016). "High-efficiency two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite solar cells". Nature. 536 (7616): 312–316. Bibcode:2016Natur.536..312T. doi:10.1038/nature18306. ISSN 1476-4687. OSTI 1492605. PMID 27383783. S2CID 4455016.
  10. Stoumpos, Constantinos C (June 3, 2013). "Crystal Growth of the Perovskite Semiconductor CsPbBr3: A New Material for High-Energy Radiation Detection". Cryst.Growth Design. 13, 7: 2722–2727.
  11. He, Yihue (23 April 2018). "High Spectral resolution of gamma-rays at room temperature by perovskite CsPbBr3 single crystals". Nature Communications. 9: 1609.
  12. He, Yihui (January 2021). "CsPbBr3 perovskite detectors with 1.4% energy resolution for high-energy gamma-rays". Nature Photonics. 15: 36042.
  13. Mrotzek, Antje; Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. (2003). ""Design" in Solid-State Chemistry Based on Phase Homologies. The Concept of Structural Evolution and the New Megaseries Am[M1+lSe2+l]22m[M2l+nSe2+3l+n]". Acc. Chem. Res. 36 (2): 111–119. doi:10.1021/ar020099+. PMID 12589696.
  14. "Iron-sulfur gel provides possible green route to ammonia". Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  15. "Hershel and Hilda Rich Visiting Professorship in Applied Research 2017" (PDF). Retrieved 7 June 2017.
  16. "Professor Mercouri Kanatzidis Receives Honorary Doctorate" (PDF). University of Crete. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
  17. "The 2016 Samson – Prime Minister's Prize for Innovation in Alternative Fuels for Transportation". Fuel Choices Summit. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  18. "APS Fellow". APS Physics. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  19. "James C. McGroddy Prize for New Materials". APS.org Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  20. "ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  21. "ENI Award 2015". Enipedia. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  22. "Wilhelm Manchot Professorship". Technical University of Munich. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  23. "de Gennes Prize". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  24. "MRS Medal Recipients". Materials Research Society. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  25. "International Thermoelectric Society". International Themoelectric Society. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  26. "Northwestern University - McCormick School of Engineering". Northwestern University - McCormick School of Engineering. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
  27. "Cheetham Lecturer". Materials Research Laboratory at UC Santa Barbara. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  28. "The Morley Medal Archived 2016-12-20 at the Wayback Machine". American Chemical Society – Cleveland Section. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
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