Metallothionein-3

MT3
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2F5H, 2FJ4, 2FJ5
Identifiers
Aliases	MT3, GIF, GIFB, GRIF, Znmetallothionein 3
External IDs	OMIM: 139255 HomoloGene: 136800 GeneCards: MT3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (human)[1]
End	56,591,088 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• zinc ion binding; • protein kinase activator activity; • metal ion binding; • cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic process; • antioxidant activity; • GO:0001948 protein binding; • drug binding; • copper ion binding; • cadmium ion binding;
Cellular component	• cytoplasm; • cytosol; • rough endoplasmic reticulum; • ribosome; • astrocyte end-foot; • GO:0097483, GO:0097481 postsynaptic density; • synaptic vesicle; • cell membrane; • dendritic spine; • astrocyte projection; • intracellular; • mitochondrial outer membrane; • axon; • inclusion body; • perinuclear region of cytoplasm; • microtubules; • extracellular; • cell nucleus;
Biological process	• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; • positive regulation of necrotic cell death; • cellular lipid catabolic process; • positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway; • activation of protein kinase B activity; • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process; • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation; • positive regulation of cell death; • response to hypoxia; • zinc ion homeostasis; • protein kinase B signaling; • histone modification; • leptin-mediated signaling pathway; • removal of superoxide radicals; • astrocyte development; • ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • negative regulation of neurogenesis; • regulation of response to food; • protein stabilization; • zinc II ion transport; • response to metal ion; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • GO:0048554 positive regulation of catalytic activity; • cholesterol catabolic process; • cellular response to cadmium ion; • cellular metal ion homeostasis; • cadmium ion homeostasis; • response to oxidative stress; • negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process; • negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity; • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • cellular response to drug; • brain development; • positive regulation of gene expression; • positive regulation of lysosomal membrane permeability; • cellular zinc ion homeostasis; • negative regulation of cell growth; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress; • negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity; • regulation of protein glycosylation; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process; • cellular response to oxidative stress; • cellular response to nitric oxide; • negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process; • energy reserve metabolic process; • cellular proliferation; • negative regulation of autophagy; • negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; • negative regulation of axon extension; • negative regulation of necrotic cell death; • cellular response to hypoxia; • negative regulation of neuron death; • apoptotic process; • detoxification of copper ion; • cellular response to copper ion; • cellular response to zinc ion; • negative regulation of neuron projection development;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	4504
	n/a
	ENSG00000087250
	n/a
	P25713
	n/a
	NM_005954
	n/a
	NP_005945
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Metallothionein-3 (also known as Growth Inhibitory Factor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MT3 gene.[3][4][5] It is a 68-amino acid peptide (20 of which are cysteine) that is abnormally under-expressed in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.[6] Metallothionein-3 is a member of the metallothionein family of proteins.

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087250 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Palmiter RD, Findley SD, Whitmore TE, Durnam DM (Jul 1992). "MT-III, a brain-specific member of the metallothionein gene family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (14): 6333–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6333. PMC 49495. PMID 1631128.
Felizola SJ, Nakamura Y, Arata Y, Ise K, Satoh F, Rainey WE, Midorikawa S, Suzuki S, Sasano H (Sep 2014). "Metallothionein-3 (MT-3) in the human adrenal cortex and its disorders". Endocrine Pathology. 25 (3): 229–235. doi:10.1007/s12022-013-9280-9. PMID 24242700. S2CID 39871076.
"Entrez Gene: MT3 metallothionein 3".
Uchida, Y; Takio, K; Titani, K; Ihara, Y; Tomonaga, M (August 1991). "The growth inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68 amino acid metallothionein-like protein". Neuron. 7 (2): 337–347. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90272-2. PMID 1873033. S2CID 25819090.

Aschner M (Aug 1996). "The functional significance of brain metallothioneins". FASEB Journal. 10 (10): 1129–36. doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.10.8751715. PMID 8751715. S2CID 16464054.
Tsuji S, Kobayashi H, Uchida Y, Ihara Y, Miyatake T (Dec 1992). "Molecular cloning of human growth inhibitory factor cDNA and its down-regulation in Alzheimer's disease". The EMBO Journal. 11 (13): 4843–50. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05590.x. PMC 556960. PMID 1464312.
Hewitt JE, Gordon MM, Taggart RT, Mohandas TK, Alpers DH (Jun 1991). "Human gastric intrinsic factor: characterization of cDNA and genomic clones and localization to human chromosome 11". Genomics. 10 (2): 432–40. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90329-D. PMID 2071148.
Amoureux MC, Wurch T, Pauwels PJ (Sep 1995). "Modulation of metallothionein-III mRNA content and growth rate of rat C6-glial cells by transfection with human 5-HT1D receptor genes". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 214 (2): 639–45. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2334. PMID 7677777.
Naruse S, Igarashi S, Furuya T, Kobayashi H, Miyatake T, Tsuji S (Jul 1994). "Structures of the human and mouse growth inhibitory factor-encoding genes". Gene. 144 (2): 283–7. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90391-3. PMID 8039715.
Moffatt P, Séguin C (Jun 1998). "Expression of the gene encoding metallothionein-3 in organs of the reproductive system". DNA and Cell Biology. 17 (6): 501–10. doi:10.1089/dna.1998.17.501. PMID 9655243.
Garrett SH, Sens MA, Shukla D, Nestor S, Somji S, Todd JH, Sens DA (Nov 1999). "Metallothionein isoform 3 expression in the human prostate and cancer-derived cell lines". The Prostate. 41 (3): 196–202. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0045(19991101)41:3<196::AID-PROS7>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 10517878.
Ye B, Maret W, Vallee BL (Feb 2001). "Zinc metallothionein imported into liver mitochondria modulates respiration". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (5): 2317–22. doi:10.1073/pnas.041619198. PMC 30136. PMID 11226237.
Kim D, Garrett SH, Sens MA, Somji S, Sens DA (Feb 2002). "Metallothionein isoform 3 and proximal tubule vectorial active transport". Kidney International. 61 (2): 464–72. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00153.x. PMID 11849386.
Palumaa P, Eriste E, Njunkova O, Pokras L, Jörnvall H, Sillard R (May 2002). "Brain-specific metallothionein-3 has higher metal-binding capacity than ubiquitous metallothioneins and binds metals noncooperatively". Biochemistry. 41 (19): 6158–63. doi:10.1021/bi025664v. PMID 11994011.
Uchida Y, Gomi F, Masumizu T, Miura Y (Aug 2002). "Growth inhibitory factor prevents neurite extension and the death of cortical neurons caused by high oxygen exposure through hydroxyl radical scavenging". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (35): 32353–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111263200. PMID 12058024.
You HJ, Lee KJ, Jeong HG (Jun 2002). "Overexpression of human metallothionein-III prevents hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human fibroblasts". FEBS Letters. 521 (1–3): 175–9. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02870-3. PMID 12067712. S2CID 27345561.
Roschitzki B, Vasák M (Jun 2002). "A distinct Cu(4)-thiolate cluster of human metallothionein-3 is located in the N-terminal domain". Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 7 (6): 611–6. doi:10.1007/s00775-002-0339-1. PMID 12072966. S2CID 12554119.
Dutta R, Sens DA, Somji S, Sens MA, Garrett SH (Jul 2002). "Metallothionein isoform 3 expression inhibits cell growth and increases drug resistance of PC-3 prostate cancer cells". The Prostate. 52 (2): 89–97. doi:10.1002/pros.10097. PMID 12111700.
Tate DJ, Miceli MV, Newsome DA (Jan 2002). "Expression of metallothionein isoforms in human chorioretinal complex". Current Eye Research. 24 (1): 12–25. doi:10.1076/ceyr.24.1.12.5426. PMID 12187490. S2CID 23835813.
You HJ, Oh DH, Choi CY, Lee DG, Hahm KS, Moon AR, Jeong HG (Oct 2002). "Protective effect of metallothionein-III on DNA damage in response to reactive oxygen species". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1573 (1): 33–8. doi:10.1016/s0304-4165(02)00325-2. PMID 12383939.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000087250 - Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid1631128-3] Palmiter RD, Findley SD, Whitmore TE, Durnam DM (Jul 1992). "MT-III, a brain-specific member of the metallothionein gene family". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (14): 6333–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6333. PMC 49495. PMID 1631128.

[PMID24242700-4] Felizola SJ, Nakamura Y, Arata Y, Ise K, Satoh F, Rainey WE, Midorikawa S, Suzuki S, Sasano H (Sep 2014). "Metallothionein-3 (MT-3) in the human adrenal cortex and its disorders". Endocrine Pathology. 25 (3): 229–235. doi:10.1007/s12022-013-9280-9. PMID 24242700. S2CID 39871076.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: MT3 metallothionein 3".

[6] Uchida, Y; Takio, K; Titani, K; Ihara, Y; Tomonaga, M (August 1991). "The growth inhibitory factor that is deficient in the Alzheimer's disease brain is a 68 amino acid metallothionein-like protein". Neuron. 7 (2): 337–347. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(91)90272-2. PMID 1873033. S2CID 25819090.

Metallothionein-3

References

Further reading