Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)

The Ministry of War (German: Kriegsministerium) was a ministry for military affairs of the Kingdom of Bavaria, founded as Ministerium des Kriegswesens on October 1, 1808 by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. It was located on the Ludwigstraße[1] in Munich. Today the building, which was built by Leo von Klenze between 1824 and 1830, houses the Bavarian public record office, Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv und Staatsarchiv München.

Bavarian Ministry of War in Munich, 1833

History

The ministry was the successional institution of the royal Bavarian Hofkriegsrat (court war council, founded in 1620) and its follow-on institutions that were responsible for the military:

  • Oberkriegskollegium (upper war council, after 1799)
  • Kriegsjustizrat und Kriegsökonomierat (war justice council and war economic council, after 1801)
  • Geheimes Kriegsbureau (privy war bureau, after 1804)

The name of the Ministerium des Kriegswesens changed to Staatsministerium der Armee in 1817, and finally to Kriegsministerium in 1825.[2]

From 1801 to 1817,[3] King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria by himself held full command of the Bavarian Army.[4] In 1817 General von Triva was made the real head of the Ministry by him, but the administration of justice and economics of the military was part of the Oberadministrativkollegium and the Generallazarettinspektion. In 1822 Maximilian I assigned General von Wrede as commander-in-chief of the army, and the Staatsministerium der Armee also became responsible for the administration of justice and economics. After 1829 the tasks and responsibilities of the supreme command of the army (Oberkommando, existing from 1822 to 1829) were transferred to the Minister of War, so that he was additionally commander-in-chief of the army.[2] After acquiring command of the army, the Bavarian war minister had far more extensive responsibilities compared to ministers of other countries, such as the Prussian Minister of War.[3] After the breakdown of the Bavarian kingdom in 1918, the Kriegsministerium was replaced by the Ministerium für militärische Angelegenheiten (ministry of military affairs).

Due to the Weimar Constitution, from 1919 onwards the Bavarian Ministry of Transport[5] and the Ministry for Military Affairs were both disbanded. The former archive of the ministry, which was founded in 1885, became a section of the Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv und Staatsarchiv München.[2] The military troops of Bavaria were subordinated to the Reichswehr, which was under the command of the Reichspräsident. Therefore, the Ministry of War was replaced by the Reichswehrbefehlsstelle Bayern (Reichswehr commanding office Bavaria) until September 1919.[3]

Ministers

NameTerm beganTerm endedRemarks
GdA Johann Nepomuk Graf von Triva (1755–1827)March 27, 1808September 30, 1822until 1814: Minister-Staatssekretär im Kriegswesen (minister state secretary of warfare)
1814 to 1817: Dirigierender Minister des Kriegswesens (directing minister of warfare)
thenceforward 1817: Staatsminister der Armee (state minister of the army)
GL Nikolaus Graf von Maillot de la Treille (1774–1834)September 30, 1822January 31, 1829until 1926: Staatsminister der Armee
thenceforward 1926: Kriegsminister (war minister)
GL Georg von Weinrich (1768–1836)January 31, 1829December 12, 1836
GL Franz Xaver Frhr. von Hertling (1780–1844)December 12, 1836November 1, 1838
GM Albrecht Besserer Frhr. von Thalfingen (1787–1839)November 1, 1838January 28, 1839(acting)[6]
GL Friedrich Frhr. von Hertling (1781–1850)January 28, 1839June 9, 1839(acting)
GM Anton Frhr. von Gumppenberg (1787–1855)June 9, 1839March 1, 1847
GM Leonhard Frhr. von Hohenhausen (1788–1872)March 1, 1847February 1, 1848(acting)
GL Heinrich von der Mark (1782–1865)February 1, 1848April 5, 1848(acting)
GM Karl von Weishaupt (1787–1853)April 5, 1848November 21, 1848
GL Wilhelm von Le Suire (1787–1852)November 21, 1848May 29, 1849
GM Ludwig von Lüder (1795–1862)29. Mai 184925. März 1855
GL Wilhelm Ritter von Manz (1804–1867)March 25, 1855April 13, 1859
GM Ludwig von LüderApril 13, 1859June 12, 18612nd period
GM Moritz Ritter von Spies (1805–1862)June 12, 1861October 10, 1862
GL Hugo Ritter von Bosch (1782–1865)December 11, 1861January 20, 1862(acting for Ritter von Spies)
GL Bernhard von Heß (1792–1869)January 20, 1862June 16, 1862(acting for Ritter von Spies)
GM Moritz von SpiesJune 16, 1862October 10, 1862(†)
GL Bernhard von HeßOctober 10, 1862March 1, 1863(acting after death of Ritter von Spies, 2nd time)
GM Karl Friedrich von Liel (1799–1863)March 1, 1863March 7, 1863(†)
GL Hugo Ritter von BoschJuly 11, 1863[7]July 26, 1863(acting, 2nd time)
GL Bernhard von HeßJuly 26, 1863August 15, 1863(acting, 3rd time)
GM Eduard Ritter von Lutz (1810–1893)August 15, 1863August 1, 1866
n/a Eduard Ritter von Rotberg (1799–1884)18661866(acting)[8]
GM Siegmund Freiherr von Pranckh (1821–1888)August 1, 1866April 4, 1875
GdI Joseph Maximilian Ritter von Maillinger (1820–1901)April 4, 1875May 1, 1885
GdI Adolf Ritter von Heinleth (1823–1895)May 1, 1885May 6, 1890
GdI Benignus Ritter von Safferling (1825–1895)May 6, 1890June 5, 1893
GL Adolph Freiherr von Asch zu Asch auf Oberndorff (1839–1906)June 5, 1893April 4, 1905
GO Carl Graf von Horn (1847–1923)April 4, 1905February 16, 1912
GO Otto Freiherr Kreß von Kressenstein (1850–1929)February 16, 1912December 7, 1916
GL Maximilian Freiherr von Speidel (1856–1943)19161916(acting)[8]
General der Kavallerie Philipp von Hellingrath (1862–1939)December 11, 1916November 8, 1918
Minister für militärische Angelegenheiten (ministers of military affairs) of Bavaria after the German revolution
Albert Roßhaupter (1878–1949)November 8, 1918February 21, 1919politician of the MSPD[9]
Richard Scheid (1876–1962)March 1, 1919March 17, 1919politician of the USPD
Ernst Schneppenhorst (1881–1945)March 18, 1919August 22, 1919politician of the MSPD

References and notes

  1. today No. 14
  2. Rainer Braun: Bayerisches Kriegsministerium German, Historisches Lexikon Bayerns, June 16, 2008.
  3. Wilhelm Volkert, Richard Bauer, p. 330 ff.
  4. Grundkurs deutsche Militärgeschichte, chapter 4. Das Heereswesen der Rheinbundstaaten am Beispiel Bayerns (German), Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2006, p. 152.
  5. Wilhelm Volkert, Richard Bauer: Handbuch der bayerischen Ämter, Gemeinden und Gerichte 1799-1980 (German), 1983, p. 3, ISBN 978-3-406-09669-3
  6. called Verweser
  7. probably an acting minister is missing between March 7 and July 11, 1863
  8. Bavaria - Ministers of War Archived October 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  9. Majority Social Democratic Party of Germany, later Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD)

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