Minuca pugnax

Minuca pugnax, commonly known as the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab, is a species of fiddler crab that lives on north-western shores of the Atlantic Ocean.

Minuca pugnax
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Infraorder: Brachyura
Family: Ocypodidae
Subfamily: Gelasiminae
Tribe: Minucini
Genus: Minuca
Species:
M. pugnax
Binomial name
Minuca pugnax
(S. I. Smith, 1870) [1]
Synonyms
  • Gelasimus pugnax S. I. Smith, 1870
  • Uca pugnax (S. I. Smith, 1870)

Distribution

Minuca pugnax is the most common species of fiddler crab on the east coast of the United States. Its natural range extends from Cape Cod to northern Florida.[2] In 2014, its northern limit was extended to Hampton, New Hampshire, as a result of a range expansion possibly due to climate change.[3]

Description

There is noticeable sexual dimorphism in Minuca pugnax. Although both males and females are olive-brown in color, males have a carapace width of 15–23 mm (0.59–0.91 in), and a patch of royal blue on the carapace, while females lack the blue patch and are only 13–18 mm (0.51–0.71 in) across the carapace.[2] In both sexes, the pereiopods (walking legs) have dark bands, and the eyestalks are narrow.[2] The most conspicuous difference is the form of the chelipeds (claw-bearing legs); in females, they are similar, while in males, one is greatly enlarged and colored yellow.[2]

Life cycle

The males use circular movements of their large cheliped to attract a mate. Mating occurs up to every two weeks, typically 4–5 days after the spring tides, over a period lasting from June to September.[2] It takes place in a burrow, after which the female will brood her eggs for 12–15 days before releasing the hatchling larvae on the high spring tides.[2] The larvae pass through five planktonic zoea and one megalopa stages before settling to the sea floor to molt into the adult form.[2] This process takes around 28 days. After one year, the crab reaches sexual maturity, and adult life span is typically 12–18 months.[2]

Taxonomic history

Minuca pugnax was first described by Sidney Irving Smith in 1870, as "Gelasimus pugnax". Its common names include "marsh fiddler crab",[2] "mud fiddler crab",[2] "Atlantic mud fiddler crab" and "Atlantic marsh fiddler crab".[4]

Minuca pugnax was formerly a member of the genus Uca, but in 2016 it was placed in the genus Minuca, a former subgenus of Uca.[5][6][7]

References
  1. Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109.
  2. Lauren L. Bergey (2007). Behavioral ecology and population biology in populations of fiddler crabs, Uca pugnax (Smith), on the New Jersey coast (Ph.D. thesis). Newark, New Jersey: Rutgers University. ISBN 978-0-549-37814-3.
  3. Johnson, David (2014). "Fiddler on the Roof: A northern range extension for the marsh fiddler crab Uca pugnax". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 34 (5): 671–673. doi:10.1163/1937240x-00002268.
  4. "Minuca pugnax". Fiddler Crabs. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  5. Shih, Hsi-Te; Ng, Peter K. L.; Davie, Peter J. F.; Schubart, Christoph D.; et al. (2016). "Systematics of the family Ocypodidae Rafinesque, 1815 (Crustacea: Brachyura), based on phylogenetic relationships, with a reorganization of subfamily rankings and a review of the taxonomic status of Uca Leach, 1814, sensu lato and its subgenera". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 64.
  6. Rosenberg, Michael S. (2019). "A fresh look at the biodiversity lexicon for fiddler crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Part 1: Taxonomy". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 39 (6).
  7. "WoRMS taxon details, Minuca pugnax (Smith, 1870)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
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