Monacha

Monacha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.

Monacha
Two live individuals of Monacha cartusiana on a human hand
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:
Helicoidea
Family:
Hygromiidae
Subfamily:
Monachainae
Genus:
Monacha

Type species
Helix cartusiana
(Müller, 1774)
Diversity[2]
80 species

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Monacha includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor and Turkey (more than 50 species of Monacha),[3] Georgia, Russia, Arabia, Iran, Azerbaijan (1 species).[4] It is not in Armenia.[4]

The greatest diversity of species is in the Pontic region.[4]

Species

Species within the genus Monacha include:[4]

subgenus Monacha

  • Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774) - type species
  • Monacha oecali Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009[5]
  • Monacha albocincta (P. Hesse, 1912)
  • Monacha carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855)
  • Monacha carinata (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha claustralis (Menke, 1828)
  • Monacha comata (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha compingtae (Pallary, 1929)
  • Monacha crenophila (L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
  • Monacha ? eliae (Nagele, 1906)
  • Monacha heteromorpha (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha ignorata (O. Boettger, 1905)
  • Monacha liebegottae (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha melitensis (P. Hesse, 1915)
  • Monacha menkhorsti (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha merssinae (Mousson, 1874)
  • Monacha nordsiecki (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha obstructa (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
  • Monacha ocellata (Roth, 1839)
  • Monacha ovularis (Bourguignat, 1855)
  • Monacha pamphylica (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha riedeli (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha saninensis (Pallary, 1939)
  • Monacha solidior (Mousson, 1863)
  • Monacha spiroxia spiroxia (Bourguignat, 1868)
  • Monacha spiroxia atik (Schutt, 2001)
  • Monacha subaii (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha syriaca (Ehrenberg, 1831)
  • Monacha venusta (L. Pinter, 1968)

subgenus Paratheba

  • Monacha claussi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
  • Monacha kuznetsovi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
  • Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914)
  • Monacha ascania (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha badia (Hausdorf), 2000
  • Monacha bithynica (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha depressior (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha elatior (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha glareosa (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha hemitricha (P. Hesse, 1914)
  • Monacha leucozona (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha magna (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha margarita (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha pusilla (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha rothii (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
  • Monacha sedissana (Hausdorf, 2000)

subgenus Metatheba

  • Monacha ciscaucasica (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
  • Monacha densecostulata (Retowski, 1886)
  • Monacha devrekensis (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha galatica (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha gemina (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha georgievi (Pall-Gergely, 2010)[6]
  • Monacha laxa (Hudec, 1973)
  • Monacha hamsikoeyensis (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha perfrequens (Hesse, 1914)
  • Monacha pharmacia (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha phazimonitica (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha hamsikoeyensis (Hudec, 1973)
  • Monacha samsunensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
  • Monacha subcarthusiana (Lindholm, 1913)
  • Monacha stipulifera (Hausdorf, 2000)
  • Monacha terebrata (Hausdorf, 2000)

subgenus ?

The species Ashfordiana granulata (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genus Monacha.

References
  1. Fitzinger L. I. (1833). "Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben". Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreich's unter der Enns 3: 88-122. Wien.
  2. "Species in genus Monacha". AnimalBase, accessed 29 December 2010.
  3. Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae)". Arch. Molluskenk. 128: 61-151.
  4. Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in the Western Caucasus (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". Journal of Natural History 34(8): 1575-1594. PDF Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine. doi:10.1080/00222930050117495.
  5. Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely B. (2009). "Monacha oecali new species from southern Turkey (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae) ". Journal of Conchology 40(1): 15-18. abstract.
  6. Páll-Gergely B. (2010). "New and little known land snails from Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Zoology in the Middle East 50: 89-94. Heidelberg. abstract.
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