Monica Gandhi

Monica Gandhi is an American physician who is a Professor of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. She is Director of the UCSF Gladstone Center for AIDS Research and the medical director of the San Francisco General Hospital HIV Clinic, Ward 86. Her research considers HIV prevalence in women, as well as HIV treatment and prevention.

Monica Gandhi
Gandhi lectures for WorldMedSchool in 2014
Alma materUniversity of Utah
Harvard Medical School
University of California, San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of California, San Francisco

Early life and education

Gandhi's father, Om P. Gandhi, was a Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Utah.[1] She has said that she grew up on the University of Utah campus.[1] Her father earned his doctoral degree at the University of Michigan in the 1950s and returned to his home country of India to teach physics.[2] He returned to the United States in 1967, with his wife, Gandhi's mother, Santosh.[2] Santosh Gandhi trained as a computer scientist who worked in the Salt Lake City branch of 3M.[2]

Gandhi eventually attended the University of Utah for her own undergraduate studies, where she earned her bachelor's degree in 1991.[3] Gandhi is one of three children, and her brother snd sister – Leena and Rajesh – also attended the University of Utah.[2] During her undergraduate degree she worked in John S. Parkinson's laboratory, where she studied the Flagellar motor switch proteins in Escherichia coli.[3] She moved to Harvard Medical School for her medical degree before completing an internship at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). As a student Gandhi became by health disparities between rich and poor people.[1] After completing her residency Gandhi was made a Traineeship in AIDS Prevention Studies (TAPS) Fellow in the UCSF Center for AIDS Prevention Studies.[4] She moved to the University of California, Berkeley for her graduate studies, where she earned a Master's in Public Health in 2001. Her research concentrated on epidemiology and biostatistics.[1] She has since said that she became interested in HIV care because several of her friends came out gay during high school and struggled with stigma.[1]

Research and career

Gandhi has studied the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in American women.[5] She has investigated sex differences in the management of HIV/AIDS.[4] Gandhi has studied HIV treatment during pregnancy, with a focus on the safety of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in women of reproductive potential.[6] In 2017 Gandhi opened a geriatric clinic at the San Francisco General Hospital HIV Clinic, Ward 86.[7]

During the COVID-19 pandemic studied how asymptomatic carriers could be involved with the transmission of coronavirus disease.[8][9][10] She was concerned that People living with HIV would not continue to access HIV care during the lockdown.[11][12] In March and April 2020, there was a significant drop in people refilling their PrEP prescriptions, and Gandhi said that “72% fewer than expected new patients started PrEP during those two months, probably because people are afraid to go to health care centers,”.[13] She has said that she believes ending the pandemic may rely on behavioral change, and that lockdowns were a “blunt instrument” in the fight against coronavirus disease.[14] Gandhi studied the benefits of wearing face masks as a means to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease, and was the first researcher to show that face covering protect both the mask wearer and others.[15][16] She found that most masks filter 80% of particles, and that in countries were masks were mandatory death rates were dramatically decreased.[15][17] In an interview with CBS, Gandhi said, “How much virus you get in is probably one of the most important determinants of how sick you get ... By having a mask over your face, it filters out the majority of viral particles. So, even if you do get exposed to COVID… you are going to get very little virus in, and if you do get COVID, you’ll get less sick,”.[18]

Academic service

Supported by the National Institutes of Health, Gandhi developed a mentoring programme that supports early career investigators from diverse backgrounds.[19][20] She also established a mentoring workshop series for HIV investigators across the United States, Peru and South Africa.[19] From 2008 to 2015 Gandhi directed the Communicable Diseases of Global Health Importance programme.[21] In 2019 Gandhi delivered the convocation speech at the University of Utah.[1] She has written for The Conversation.[22]

Awards and honours
  • 2012 Sarlo Award for Teaching Excellence[23]
  • 2013 UCSF John L. Ziegler Outstanding Mentoring Award[24]
  • 2017 HIV Medical Association Clinical Educator Award[19][25]
  • 2019 UCSF Lifetime Merit Award[1]
  • 2020 University of Utah Distinguished Alumni Award[3]
  • 2020 UCSF Distinction in Mentoring[26]
  • 2020 Co-Chair of AIDS 2020[27][28]

Selected publications
  • Gandhi, Monica; Aweeka, Francesca; Greenblatt, Ruth M.; Blaschke, Terrence F. (2004-02-10). "Sexdifferences Inpharmacokinetics Andpharmacodynamics". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 44 (1): 499–523. doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121453. ISSN 0362-1642. PMID 14744256.
  • Feldman, Joseph G.; Minkoff, Howard; Schneider, Michael F.; Gange, Stephen J.; Cohen, Mardge; Watts, D. Heather; Gandhi, Monica; Mocharnuk, Robert S.; Anastos, Kathryn (2006-06-01). "Association of Cigarette Smoking With HIV Prognosis Among Women in the HAART Era: A Report From the Women's Interagency HIV Study". American Journal of Public Health. 96 (6): 1060–1065. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062745. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1470629. PMID 16670229.
  • Gandhi, Monica; Bacchetti, Peter; Miotti, Paolo; Quinn, Thomas C.; Veronese, Fulvia; Greenblatt, Ruth M. (2002-08-01). "Does Patient Sex Affect Human Immunodeficiency Virus Levels?". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 35 (3): 313–322. doi:10.1086/341249. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 12115098.

References
  1. "Convocation 2019 | College of Science". science.utah.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  2. "The Gandhis, BS'86, 91, 92 | College of Science". science.utah.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  3. "Our DNA - Spring 2020". Issuu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  4. "Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH | UCSF-Gladstone Center for AIDS Research (CFAR)". cfar.ucsf.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  5. "CFAR Seminar: Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH--Novel approaches to measuring adherence in HIV treatment and prevention | Center for AIDS Research". depts.washington.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  6. "Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH: The Unknowns of ART in Pregnancy". ContagionLive. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  7. "New SF General clinic treats older HIV patients". SFChronicle.com. 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  8. G, Monica; hi. "5 questions & answers about asymptomatic Covid-19". Inverse. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  9. Gandhi, Monica (2020-06-29). "Explained: Can People With No Symptoms Spread COVID-19?". fit.thequint.com. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  10. Gandhi, Monica; Yokoe, Deborah S.; Havlir, Diane V. (2020-05-28). "Asymptomatic Transmission, the Achilles' Heel of Current Strategies to Control Covid-19". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (22): 2158–2160. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2009758. ISSN 0028-4793. PMC 7200054. PMID 32329972.
  11. "During COVID-19, HIV Docs Fighting More Than Just One Virus". www.medpagetoday.com. 2020-04-23. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  12. "Coronavirus raises concerns for people with HIV". The Bay Area Reporter / B.A.R. Inc. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  13. "What Happens When A Pandemic And An Epidemic Collide". NPR.org. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  14. "UCSF Grand Rounds tackles the questions of COVID-19 transmission and prevention with masks, face shields". Mission Local. 2020-07-17. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  15. Mojica, Adrian (2020-07-16). "Professor of Medicine finds evidence masks protect you from COVID-19, not just others". WZTV. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  16. Worley, Becky (2020-07-16). "Will face masks with filters protect you? Experts weigh in". ABC7 San Francisco. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  17. "Masks offer much more protection against coronavirus than many think". Los Angeles Times. 2020-07-14. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  18. "UC San Francisco Study Suggests Masks Do Protect Wearer From Contracting Coronavirus". 2020-07-14. Retrieved 2020-07-17.
  19. "Clinical Educator Award". www.hivma.org. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  20. Gandhi, Monica; Johnson, Mallory (2016). "Creating More Effective Mentors: Mentoring the Mentor". AIDS and Behavior. 20 Suppl 2: 294–303. doi:10.1007/s10461-016-1364-3. ISSN 1573-3254. PMC 4995126. PMID 27039092.
  21. "Monica Gandhi, MD, MPH | HIV, ID and Global Medicine". hividgm.ucsf.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  22. "Monica Gandhi". The Conversation. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  23. "UCSF Office of Medical Education Annual Report: 2011-12". Issuu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  24. Murphy, Paula. "Global Health Sciences Honors Latest Graduating Class and Retiring Director". Global Health Sciences Honors Latest Graduating Class and Retiring Director | UC San Francisco. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  25. "HIV Medicine Association Honors UCSF HIV Clinic Medical Director Monica Gandhi". India West. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  26. "Academic Senate Faculty Award Recipients and Archive | UCSF Academic Senate". senate.ucsf.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  27. ""Resilience": An Interview with Monica Gandhi – AIDS 2020". Retrieved 2020-07-05.
  28. "AIDS 2020: UCSF Experts to Speak, Present at International Conference". AIDS 2020: UCSF Experts to Speak, Present at International Conference | UC San Francisco. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
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