Montrose Chemical Corporation of California

The Montrose Chemical Corporation of California was a chemical corporation that was the largest producer of the insecticide DDT in the United States from 1947 until it stopped production in 1982.[1] Its improper disposal of chemical waste from DDT production resulted in serious environmental damage to the Pacific Ocean near Los Angeles,[2] and its former main plant in an unincorporated area of Los Angeles County near Torrance, California has been designated as a Superfund site by the United States Environmental Protection Agency.[3]

Montrose Chemical Corporation of California
IndustryChemical industry
Founded1947 (1947)
Defunct1982 (1982), 35 years active
Headquarters
Torrance, California
,
United States
ProductsChemicals, notably DDT

Environmental impact

Between the late 1950s and early 1970s, the company was responsible for discharging an estimated 1,700 tons of DDT into the ocean via the county's sewer system, which contaminated sediment on the ocean floor off the coast of Los Angeles.[4] In addition, the company dumped hundreds of thousands of barrels containing waste laced with DDT at a deep sea site located between the California coast and Santa Catalina Island during the same time period. Some of the barrels were dumped considerably closer to the coast than the designated deep sea site, and many of the barrels were punctured beforehand to ensure that they would sink.[5][6]

DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) move from contaminated sediments into the water, so although the dumping of DDT stopped in 1982, the Palos Verdes Shelf remains contaminated.[4] DDT and PCBs enter the food chain through worms and micro-organisms living in the sediment. Fish may eat many of these organisms, causing the DDT and PCBs to accumulate in fish tissue. Fish-eating birds, marine mammals, and birds of prey that feed on both accumulate more of the toxins.[4]

Since 1985, fish consumption advisories and health warnings have been posted in Southern California because of elevated DDT and PCB levels. Bottom-feeding fish are particularly at risk for high contamination levels. Consumption of white croaker, which has the highest contamination levels, should be avoided. Other bottom-feeding fish, including kelp bass, rockfish, queenfish, black croaker, sheepshead, surfperches and sculpin, are also highly contaminated.[4] As a part of the Superfund project, the EPA is looking to reinforce the commercial and recreational fishing ban on white croaker.[7]

Until as recently as 2007, bald eagles on Santa Catalina Island were unable to reproduce because the DDT caused their eggshells to become too thin and to break open before the eagle was fully developed.[8]

In October 1989, the former Montrose Chemical site was added to the Superfund National Priorities List. In 1990, the United States and California filed lawsuits against Montrose Chemical and nine other facilities near the Palos Verdes peninsula, citing damages to the nearby marine environment.

In December 2000, the Montrose Chemical Corporation of California and three other corporations settled their lawsuits for a collective $73 million. When combined with prior lawsuits, this brought the total up to $140 million to fund the restoration of the Palos Verdes Shelf marine environment.

References
  1. Health Implications of Toxic Chemical Contamination of the Santa Monica Bay: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, Second Session, February 10, 1986. 4. United States Government Printing Office. 1986. p. 15.
  2. Kehoe, Terence and Jacobsen, Charles "Environmental Decision Making and DDT Production at the Montrose Chemical Corporation of California", Enterprise and Society, (2003) 4(4), pp. 640-675.
  3. "MONTROSE CHEMICAL CORP. TORRANCE, CA". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  4. Cleaning Up the Palos Verdes Shelf | Region 9: Superfund | US EPA last updated July 26, 2007.
  5. Xia, Rosanna (October 25, 2020). "How the waters off Catalina became a DDT dumping ground". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  6. Chartrano, Allan (March 1985). "Ocean Dumping Under Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board Permit: A Review of Past Practices, Potential Adverse Impacts, and Recommendations for Future Action". California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region. Resolution 85-4: 51 – via DocumentCloud.
  7. Palos Verdes Ecology 2002.
  8. Cone, Marla (March 13, 2013). "The Mystery of the Vanishing DDT in the Ocean Near Los Angeles". Scientific American.
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