National Party (Chile, 1857)

The National Party (Spanish: Partido Nacional) or Montt-Varist (Spanish: Monttvarista) was a Chilean political party formed in 1857 as a split from the Conservatives by the supporters of President Manuel Montt and Interior Minister Antonio Varas. The National Party had a liberal-conservative ideology and was primarily supported by middle-high businessmen, bankers and journalists.[5] The Welsh-born Edwards family was a bigger financer of the party,[6] along with the aristocratic Balmaceda, who was linked to the Liberal Party.[7] The party never was more than an influential third party, and since the late 1910s its influences declined considerably, stopping from participating to national elections after 1924, finally merging into the United Liberal Party in 1933.[1] The monttvarista National Party is not to be confused with the National Party formed in 1966.

National Party

Partido Nacional
LeaderManuel Montt
Antonio Varas
José Joaquín Pérez
Agustín Edwards
Pedro Montt
Founded29 December 1857 (1857-12-29)
Dissolved1925 (1925) (de facto)
1930 (1930) (de jure)
Split fromPelucones
Merged intoUnited Liberal Party
IdeologySecularism[1][2]
Liberal conservatism[2][3]
Economic liberalism[4]
Political positionCentre-right

Electoral history

Presidential election
Election year Candidate Votes Results
# Votes % Votes
1856 Manuel Montt 207 99.1% Won
1861 José Joaquín Pérez 214 100% Won
1866 José Joaquín Pérez 191 88.0% Won
1871 José Tomás Urmeneta 58 20.4% Lost
1876 Not contested Lost
1881 Not contested Lost
1886 José Francisco Vergara[lower-alpha 1] 6 1.8% Lost
1891 Not contested Lost
1896 Federico Errázuriz Jr.[lower-alpha 2] 137 55.5% Won
1901 Pedro Montt 83 31.1% Lost
1906 Pedro Montt 164 62.6% Won
1910 Ramón Barros[lower-alpha 3] 268 100% Won
1915 Juan Luis Sanfuentes[lower-alpha 4] 77 50.1% Won
1920 Luis Barros Borgoño[lower-alpha 5] 175 50.1% Lost
1925 Not contested Lost
1927 Not contested Lost

Congress election
Election year Chamber of Deputies Senate Status
# Votes % Votes Seats # Votes % Votes Seats
1864 N/A[8] 25.0%
18 / 72
 Minority
1867 N/A[8] 8.3%
6 / 72
 Minority
1870 N/A[8] 15.3%
11 / 72
 Minority
1873 N/A[8] 5.6%
4 / 72
 Minority
1876 N/A[8] 11.1%
12 / 108
 Minority
1879 N/A[8] 11.1%
12 / 108
 Minority
1882 N/A[8] 13.0%
14 / 108
 Minority
1885 N/A[8] 14.2%
16 / 113
 Minority
1888 N/A[8] 15.9%
18 / 113
 Minority
1891 1,196[9] 1.5%
1 / 94
 Minority
1894 455[9] 0.4%
0 / 94
 Minority
1897 7,692[9] 5.6%
4 / 94
 Minority
1900 8,916[9] 6.0%
6 / 94
 Minority
1903 Not contested[9] Minority
1906 24,169[9] 12.5%
11 / 94
 Minority
1909 38,341[9] 17.0%
16 / 94
 Minority
1912 35,243[9] 14.2%
10 / 118
 Minority
1915 14,530 9.7%
29 / 118
 N/A[9] 10.5%
2 / 19
 Minority
1918 18,526 9.1%
10 / 118
 N/A[9] 7.7%
1 / 13
 Minority
1921 8,097 2.7%
4 / 118
 N/A[9]
2 / 13
 Minority
1924 6,400 3.1%
3 / 118
 N/A[9]
3 / 13
 Minority

See also
  • Category:National Party (Chile, 1857) politicians

Notes
  1. Official candidate for the Radical Party.
  2. Candidate for the Liberal Party (conservative wing).
  3. Official candidate for the Liberal Party, elected by unanimity.
  4. Official candidate for the Liberal Democratic Party, supported by the Coalición.
  5. Candidate for the Liberal Party (conservative wing), supported by the National Union.

References
  1. Bizzarro, Salvatore (2017). Rowman & Littlefield (ed.). Historical Dictionary of Chile. p. 653. ISBN 9781442276352.
  2. Cristi, Renato; Ruiz, Carlos (2015). Editorial Universitaria de Chile (ed.). El pensamiento conservador en Chile: Seis ensayos (in Spanish). p. 180. ISBN 9789561124882.
  3. Sierra, Santiago; Wu Brading, Celio (1995). Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (ed.). La diplomacia mexicana en América del Sur y la Guerra del Pacífico 1878-1879 (in Spanish). p. 49. ISBN 9789688105108.
  4. Salazar Vergara, Gabriel (2014). Penguin Random House (ed.). Mercaderes, empresarios y capitalistas: Chile, siglo XIX (in Spanish). ISBN 9789562624145.
  5. Villabos, Sergio R. (2001). Editorial Universitaria (ed.). Chile y su historia (in Spanish). p. 316. ISBN 9789561115293.
  6. Vial Correa, Gonzalo (2009). El Mercurio (ed.). Agustín Edwards Mac Clure: periodista, diplomático y político : los cuarenta primeros años del siglo XX chileno (in Spanish). p. 96. ISBN 9789562396875.
  7. Ramírez Necochea, Hernán; Pinto Vallejos, Julio (2007). LOM (ed.). Obras escogidas: Balmaceda y la contrarevolución de 1891 ; Historia del movimiento obrero en Chile (in Spanish). p. 121. ISBN 9789562828857.
  8. Heise, Julio (1982). Editorial Universitaria (ed.). El Periodo parlamentario 1861-1925. Democracia y gobierno representativo en el periodo parlamentario. Historia del poder electoral (in Spanish). II.
  9. Urzúa Valenzuela, Germán (1992). Editorial Jurídica de Chile (ed.). Historia política de Chile y su evolución electoral desde 1810 a 1992 (in Spanish). pp. 379–385.


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