Nayak (title)
The Nayak, Naik and Nayaka is a historic Indian title conferred on Sardars, who were governors of feudal states in the Middle Ages. Today it is also a surname.
As a title
- The Nayakadu title was given by Vijayanagara rulers to their feudal subject rulers, who later established independent Nayak dynasties after the downfall of the Vijayanagara Empire in South India.[1]
- Nayak or Naik title was conferred to the Hindu Sardars by rulers of Maratha Empire.[2]
As a surname
Today, the surname Nayaka is used by various castes and ethnic groups across India.[3]
- In Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil Nadu, other versions of the surnames such as Naidu and Naicker, Nayakar are used by people belonging to Bedar Valmiki, Kapu, Balija, Golla, Telaga, and Kamma castes.
- In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Nayaka surname is adopted as surname by several tribal communities including, Bedar, Lambadis, Sugali, or Banjara.[4]
- The Muslim Siddis of Karnataka, use the surname Nayaka which they received as title from Bijapur Kings.[5]
- In Karnataka it is also a common surname amidst a section of Makkalasantana following sect of parivara Bunt(community
- In Maharashtra the surname Nayak and Naik is used by Kshatriya Marathas, CKPs and Deshastha Brahmin communities.[6]
- In Tamil Nadu, members of the Vanniyar caste use Nayakkar, Naicker and Nayagar as a surname or title. [7]
- Nayak is also a prominent surname among the Gowda Saraswat Bramhin (GSB) community. There are different versions of the spelling as Nayak, Naick, Naik.
- In Karnataka it is also a common surname amidst a section of Makkalasantana following sect of parivara Bunt(community)
A. Vijay Kumari. Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh. M D Publications. p. 89. ISBN 9788175330726.</ref>
References
- Kathleen Gough (2008). Rural Society in Southeast India. Cambridge University Press. p. 436. ISBN 9780521040198.
- Shivaji, the Great Maratha, Volume 1. Genisys Publishing. 2002. p. 116. ISBN 9788177552850.
- Kumar Suresh Singh (2002). People of India: Introduction. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780195644449.
- Kumar Suresh Singh (1993). Tribal Ethnography, Customary Law, and Change. Concept Publishing Company. p. 249. ISBN 9788170224716.
- Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. p. 226. ISBN 9788125004851.
- Anupama Rao (2009). The Caste Question: Dalits and the Politics of Modern India. University of California Press. p. 315. ISBN 9780520257610.
- Chockalingam Joe Arun. Constructing Dalit Identity. p. 43. ISBN 9788131600818.
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