Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
The Neue Mozart-Ausgabe (NMA; English: New Mozart Edition) is the second complete works edition of the music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. A longer and more formal title for the edition is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Neue Ausgabe sämtlicher Werke.
Publication
The main corpus of the edition was published between 1955 and 1991 by Bärenreiter-Verlag, consisting of the actual authentic music of Mozart along with a "Supplement"; the latter includes arrangements by Mozart of others' music and works whose authenticity has not been fully established. Still being published are the Critical Reports – technical commentaries in German. By 2008 these were nearly complete.
Strengths
The Neue Mozart-Ausgabe is an advance over the previous complete works edition of Mozart published by Breitkopf & Härtel from 1877 to 1883 (with supplements until 1910), which is sometimes referred to today as the Alte Mozart-Ausgabe (or "Old Mozart Edition"). One of the editorial directors, Wolfgang Rehm, writes that "The NMA aims to be a historical-critical edition and to offer as such the latest state of philological-musicological procedure as well as practical knowledge (particularly with regard to performance) of Mozart's creative production."
Highly regarded and frequently used by performers of Mozart's music and musical scholars, the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe is an indispensable reference for anyone seriously interested in the output of this composer. H. C. Robbins Landon has called it "an absolute necessity if we are to perform Mozart correctly," and on one occasion had to insist that the Vienna Philharmonic use the NMA for a series of recordings of Mozart's symphonies rather than the less accurate Breitkopf & Härtel edition mentioned above.
Issues
At the same time, the NMA is not entirely free of problems, although to most observers these do not detract from the scholarly achievement that this edition clearly represents.
Unavailable source materials
Stanley Sadie remarks that the work of the NMA was "hampered by the removal in World War II and the unavailability until 1980 of most of the largest single collection of Mozart autographs, that of the Berlin State Library, Berlin." Consequently, the editors of the NMA had to manage with this state of affairs as well as possible. In editing The Marriage of Figaro for the NMA, which appeared in 1973, Ludwig Finscher was only able to access the first two acts of the autograph score. In editing the Piano Concerto No. 27, K. 595, Wolfgang Rehm actually had to make use of a photographic reproduction of the autograph made before the war, which was provided by the pianist Rudolf Serkin, since the autograph itself was not accessible in 1960 when the NMA volume containing the concerto was published.
Along similar lines, Landon comments that "recently discovered ms. sources have rendered even the NMA's edition of the Linz symphony obsolete." It is perhaps inevitable that new finds will in time render some aspects of the NMA open to reconsideration, since research and discovery regarding Mozart's work remain an ongoing process.
Criticisms of ornamentation
Some detailed criticism of the ornamentation suggested by the NMA can be found in Frederick Neumann's book Ornamentation and Improvisation in Mozart. Neumann finds some of the ornamentation, particularly regarding vocal cadenzas, helpful, while some of it is in his view misjudged. However, Neumann's strictures do not seem particularly severe, and in his "Preface" he writes that, although he attempted where possible to view primary sources of Mozart's music, where this was not possible, the NMA "offered an indispensable supplement," an assessment that testifies to his general high regard for the edition.
Availability
The Neue Mozart-Ausgabe has been most accessible in large hardbound volumes found in music libraries, though its publisher, Bärenreiter, has more recently been publishing portions of the NMA in a more convenient study score format.
Starting December 12, 2006, scans of most of the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe are also available online as the DME (Digital Mozart Edition) in JPEG and PDF format, a service provided by the Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum (International Mozarteum Foundation) in cooperation with the Packard Humanities Institute.
External links
References
- ^ Stanley Sadie, The New Grove Mozart (NY: Norton, 1983). ISBN 0-393-30084-6. p. 174 (Mozart work list, gives formal title of NMA).
- ^ Wolfgang Rehm, "Collected Editions," in H. C. Robbins Landon, ed., The Mozart Compendium: A Guide to Mozart's Life and Music. NY: Schirmer Books, 1990. ISBN 0-02-871321-4. p. 427.
- ^ See this listing of the completed volumes on the Bärenreiter website. www.baerenreiter.com. (Archived from the original on 15 October 2008).
- ^ Rehm, pp. 425–6.
- ^ Rehm, p. 427.
- ^ H. C. Robbins Landon, Mozart: The Golden Years, 1781–1791. NY: Schirmer Books, 1989. ISBN 0-02-872025-3. p. 7.
- ^ Landon, p. 238 (Introduction, note 1).
- ^ Sadie, p. 172.
- ^ Alan Tyson, Mozart: Studies of the Autograph Scores, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-674-58831-2. p. 116 (see also p. 114).
- ^ Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Neue Mozart-Ausgabe, Serie V, Werkgruppe 15, Band 8, ed. Wolfgang Rehm. (Bärenreiter-Verlag, Kassel, 1960; BA 4524), p. XXIV, XXXIII–XXXIV (facsimiles). Reprinted in Mozart: The Piano Concertos/Bärenreiter Urtext, ISMN M-006-20470-0, published in 2006.
- ^ Landon, p. 8.
- ^ Frederick Neumann, Ornamentation and Improvisation in Mozart. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-691-02711-0. See especially pp. 209ff. on vocal appoggiaturas.
- ^ Neumann, p. ix.
- ^ For details, see the Bärenreiter website.
- ^ NMA Online
- ^ Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum