Nitnem

Nitnem (Punjabi: ਨਿਤਨੇਮ) (literally Daily Routine) is a collection of Sikh hymns (Gurbani) to be read minimally 3 different times of the day. These are mandatory and to be read by every Amritdhari Sikh[1] as expressed in the Sikh Rehat Maryada.[2] Optionally additional prayers may be added to a Sikh's nitnem. There are five hymns (Five Banis) to be done during Amrit Vela (early morning),[1] the Rehras Sahib hymn for the evening and Kirtan Sohila for the night. The morning and evening prayers should be followed by an Ardaas.[3][4]

Morning Prayer

These are known as Five Banis. These prayers are recited at dawn.

Evening Prayer

Rehras Sahib

This prayer is recited at dusk and takes about 15–25 minutes to recite.[5][6]

Night Prayer

Kirtan Sohila Sahib

This prayer is recited at bedtime and takes about 5–8 minutes to recite.[5][7]

Additional Bani

Optionally additional prayers may be added to a Sikh's nitnem as the individual seems fit. Most commonly added include Asa Di Var, Shabad Hazare,[8] Chaupai Sahib, Sukhmani Sahib, Aarti and Anand Sahib

References

Singh, H.S. (2005). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Second ed.). New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-8170103011.
Dr. H.S. Singha (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 56. ISBN 9788170102458.
Singh Sethi, Manmohan (13 August 2017). Nitnem and Ardaas : English Transliteration: Japji, Jaap, Sawaiye, Rehras, Kirtan Sohila, Ardaas. Sukan Publishing Universe. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-502-26421-3.
Singh, Gurinder (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0195130249.
Haribala Rani Kaur Vaid (2007). The Sikh Religion: An Introduction (illustrated ed.). Star Publications. pp. 36–7. ISBN 9788176502306.
Panesar, Rajinder; Ganeri, Anita (2008). Sikh Prayer and Worship. Sea to Sea Publications.
Kapoor, Sukhbir (2002). Guru Granth Sahib - An Advance Study (Volume I). New Delhi: Hemkunt. p. 283. ISBN 978-8170103172.
Singh, Jagraj (2009). A Complete Guide to Sikhism. Unisar Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-9815471212.

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[The_Encyclopedia_of_Sikhism-1] Singh, H.S. (2005). The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (Second ed.). New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-8170103011.

[hemkunt-2] Dr. H.S. Singha (2005). Sikh Studies, Book 7. Hemkunt Press. p. 56. ISBN 9788170102458.

[3] Singh Sethi, Manmohan (13 August 2017). Nitnem and Ardaas : English Transliteration: Japji, Jaap, Sawaiye, Rehras, Kirtan Sohila, Ardaas. Sukan Publishing Universe. p. 3. ISBN 978-1-502-26421-3.

[4] Singh, Gurinder (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0195130249.

[Haribala-5] Haribala Rani Kaur Vaid (2007). The Sikh Religion: An Introduction (illustrated ed.). Star Publications. pp. 36–7. ISBN 9788176502306.

[6] Panesar, Rajinder; Ganeri, Anita (2008). Sikh Prayer and Worship. Sea to Sea Publications.

[7] Kapoor, Sukhbir (2002). Guru Granth Sahib - An Advance Study (Volume I). New Delhi: Hemkunt. p. 283. ISBN 978-8170103172.

[8] Singh, Jagraj (2009). A Complete Guide to Sikhism. Unisar Books. p. 114. ISBN 978-9815471212.