Ochthera

Ochthera
	Ochthera sp. from the Western Ghats
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Ephydridae
Genus:	Ochthera; Latreille, 1802

Ochthera is a genus of flies in the family of shore flies (Ephydridae). The genus is distinctive because of the swollen raptorial forelegs. The larvae are predaceous on midge larvae while the adults feed on midges and mosquitoes. The genus is found around the world with about 37 species.[1] The species Ochthera chalybescens has been shown to prey on African malaria vectors .[2]

Ochthera mantis

Behaviour

It has been noted that foreleg waving may be involved in displays and UV reflective patches on the face and fore coxae may be involved.[3]

Spreading and waving of the foreleg is involved in same sex encounters as well as with male and female pairs during approach. It is not known if it is a threat or a recognition display. Adult Ochthera mantis have been noted to probe sand with their proboscis and when they detect prey such as chirononomid larvae, they are excavated using the fore tibial spines and held between the tibia and femora as the prey is consumed.[4]

All species in the genus are predaceous.

Species

These 55 species belong to the genus Ochthera:

O. acta Clausen, 1977^{i c g}
O. anatolikos Clausen, 1977^{i c g b}
O. angustifacies (Hendel, 1930)^{c g}
O. angustitarsus Becker, 1903^{c g}
O. argyrata Wirth, 1955^{c g}
O. baia Cresson, 1931^{i c g}
O. borealis Clausen, 1977^{i c g}
O. brevitivialis Meijere, 1908^{c g}
O. caeruleovittata Hendel, 1930^{c g}
O. canescens Cresson, 1931^{c g}
O. canzonerii Raffone, 2002^{c g}
O. chalybescens Loew, 1862^{c g}
O. circularis Cresson, 1926^{c g}
O. clauseni Raffone, 2002^{c g}
O. collina Clausen, 1977^{i c g}
O. cressoni Giordani Soika, 1956^{c g}
O. cuprilineata Wheeler, 1896^{i c g}
O. dasylenos Clausen, 1977^{c g}
O. exsculpta Loew, 1862^{i c g}
O. friderichsi Enderlein, 1922^{c g}
O. guangdongensis Zhang & Yang, 2006^{c g}
O. hainanensis Zhang & Yang, 2006^{c g}
O. harpax Meijere, 1911^{c g}
O. humilis Williston, 1896^{c g}
O. innotata Walker, 1860^{c g}
O. insularis Becker, 1910^{c g}
O. japonica Clausen, 1977^{c g}
O. jos Cresson, 1939^{c g}
O. lauta Wheeler, 1896^{i c g b}
O. loreta Cresson, 1931^{i c g}
O. macrothrix Clasuen, 1977^{c g}
O. manicata (Fabricius, 1794)^{c g}
O. mantis (De Geer, 1776)^{i c g}
O. mantispa Loew, 1847^{c g}
O. margarita Cresson, 1932^{c g}
O. nigricoxa (Cresson, 1938)^c
O. nigripes (Enderlein, 1922)^{c g}
O. occidentalis Clausen, 1977^{i c g}
O. painteri Cresson, 1931^{c g}
O. palaearctica Clausen, 1977^g
O. palearctica Clausen, 1977^{c g}
O. pilimana Becker, 1903^{c g}
O. pilosa Cresson, 1926^{i c g}
O. praedatoria Loew, 1862^{c g}
O. regalis Williston, 1897^{c g}
O. rossii Raffone, 2002^{c g}
O. rotunda Schiner, 1868^{c g}
O. sauteri Cresson, 1932^{c g}
O. schembrii Róndani, 1847^{c g}
O. setigera Czerny, 1909^{c g}
O. speculifera (Enderlein, 1922)^{c g}
O. subtilis Adams, 1905^{c g}
O. triornata Cresson, 1926^{c g}
O. tuberculata Loew, 1862^{i c g b}
O. wrighti Cresson, 1931^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS,[5] c = Catalogue of Life,[6] g = GBIF,[7] b = Bugguide.net[8]

References

Zhang, J. & Yang, D. (2006). "Review of the species of the genus Ochthera from China (Diptera: Ephydridae)". Zootaxa. 1206: 1-22.
Minakawa, N; Futami, K.; Sonye, G.; Akweywa, P. & Kaneko, S. (2007). "Predatory capacity of a shorefly, Ochthera chalybescens, on malaria vectors". Malaria Journal. 6: 104.
Clausen, P. J. (1977). "A revision of the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palaearctic species of the genus Ochthera, including one Ethiopian species, and one new species from India". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 103: 451-530.
Deonier, D. L. (1972). "Observations on Mating, Oviposition, and Food Habits of Certain Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)". The Ohio Journal of Science. 72 (1): 22-29.
"Ochthera report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
"Browse Ochthera". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
"Ochthera". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-23.
"Ochthera genus information". BugGuide. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

External links

Savela, Markku, ed. (January 7, 2004). "Ochthera Latreille, 1802". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
Elias, A. (2005). "Species Details Ochthera mantis". University of Alberta Museums. E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum. Retrieved November 12, 2020.

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[1] Zhang, J. & Yang, D. (2006). "Review of the species of the genus Ochthera from China (Diptera: Ephydridae)". Zootaxa. 1206: 1-22.

[2] Minakawa, N; Futami, K.; Sonye, G.; Akweywa, P. & Kaneko, S. (2007). "Predatory capacity of a shorefly, Ochthera chalybescens, on malaria vectors". Malaria Journal. 6: 104.

[3] Clausen, P. J. (1977). "A revision of the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palaearctic species of the genus Ochthera, including one Ethiopian species, and one new species from India". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 103: 451-530.

[4] Deonier, D. L. (1972). "Observations on Mating, Oviposition, and Food Habits of Certain Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)". The Ohio Journal of Science. 72 (1): 22-29.

[itis-5] "Ochthera report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

[catlife-6] "Browse Ochthera". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

[gbif-7] "Ochthera". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

[bugref-8] "Ochthera genus information". BugGuide. Retrieved 2018-04-23.