Opequon Union order of battle

The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Opequon in the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. The battle was fought on September 19, 1864 near Winchester, Virginia, and Opequon Creek. The battle is also known as the Third Battle of Winchester and the Battle of Opequon Creek.

Abbreviations used

Military rank

MG = Major General
BG = Brigadier General
Col = Colonel
Ltc = Lieutenant Colonel
Maj = Major
Cpt = Captain
Lt = Lieutenant
Bvt = Brevet

Other

w = wounded
k = killed
c = captured

Army of the Shenandoah

MG Philip Sheridan, Commanding[Note 1]

Staff: Maj George Alexander Forsyth[4]

VI Corps

MG Horatio Wright

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division BG David Allen Russell (k)[5] BG Emory Upton (w)[5] Col Oliver Edwards	1st Brigade Ltc Edward L. Campbell[Note 2]	4th New Jersey: Cpt Baldwin Hufty 10th New Jersey: Maj Lambert Boeman 15th New Jersey: Cpt William T. Cornish
	2nd Brigade BG Emory Upton Col Joseph Hamblin[7]	2nd Connecticut Heavy Artillery: Col Ranald S. Mackenzie 65th New York: Col Joseph Hamblin, Cpt Henry C. Fisk 121st New York: Cpt John D. P. Douw 95th Pennsylvania: Cpt Francis J. Randall[Note 3] 96th Pennsylvania Battalion
	3rd Brigade Col Oliver Edwards Col Isaac C. Bassett[Note 4]	37th Massachusetts: Ltc George L. Montague 49th Pennsylvania: Ltc Baynton J. Hickman 82nd Pennsylvania: Col Isaac C. Bassett 119th Pennsylvania: Ltc Gideon Clark 2nd Rhode Island (battalion): Cpt Elisha Hunt Rhodes 5th Wisconsin (battalion): Maj Charles W. Kempf
Second Division BG George W. Getty	1st Brigade BG Frank Wheaton	62nd New York: Ltc Theodore B. Hamilton (w)[10] 93rd Pennsylvania: Ltc John S. Long 98th Pennsylvania: Ltc John B. Kohler 102nd Pennsylvania: Maj James H. Coleman 139th Pennsylvania: Maj Robert Munroe
	2nd Brigade (a.k.a. First Vermont Brigade)[11] Col James M. Warner[Note 5] Ltc Amasa S. Tracy (supervised part of line)	2nd Vermont: Maj Enoch E. Johnson 3rd Vermont: Maj Horace W. Floyd 4th Vermont 5th Vermont: Cpt Addison Brown, Jr. (w) 6th Vermont: Cpt Martin W. Davis 11th Vermont/1st Heavy Artillery: Maj Aldace F. Walker
	3rd Brigade BG Daniel D. Bidwell	1st Maine Veterans[Note 6]: Maj Stephen C. Fletcher 43rd New York: Maj Charles A. Milliken 49th New York (battalion)[Note 7] Ltc Erastus D. Holt 77th New York: Ltc Winsor B. French 122nd New York: Ltc Augustus Wade Dwight(w),[11] Maj Jabez M. Brower 61st Pennsylvania (battalion): Cpt Charles S. Greene (w), Cpt David J. Taylor
Third Division BG James Ricketts	1st Brigade Col William Emerson	14th New Jersey: Maj Peter Vredenburgh (k),[14] Cpt Jacob J. Janeway 106th New York: Cpt Peter Robinson 151st New York: Ltc Thomas M. Fay 87th Pennsylvania: Col John W. Schall 10th Vermont: Maj Edwin Dillingham (k),[14] Cpt Lucius T. Hunt
Third Division BG James Ricketts	2nd Brigade Col J. Warren Keifer	6th Maryland: Col John W. Horn (w),[15] Cpt Clifton K. Printiss 9th New York Heavy Artillery: Maj Charles Burgess 110th Ohio: Ltc Otho H. Binkley 122nd Ohio: Col William H. Ball 126th Ohio: Ltc Aaron W. Ebright (k),[14] Cpt George W. Hoge 67th Pennsylvania: Lt John F. Young 138th Pennsylvania: Col Matthew R. McClennan (w)[Note 8], Maj Lewis A. May
Artillery	Artillery Brigade Col Charles H. Tompkins	5th Maine Light Artillery: Cpt Greenlief T. Stevens 1st Massachusetts Light Artillery, Battery A: Cpt William H. McCartney 1st New York Light Artillery, Battery: Lt William H. Johnson (k),[14] Lt Orsamus R. Van Etten 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Battery C: Lt Jacob H. Lamb 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Battery G: Cpt George W. Adams 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery M: Cpt James McKnight

Army of West Virginia

BG George Crook

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division Col Joseph Thoburn	1st Brigade Col George D. Wells	34th Massachusetts: Maj Harrison W. Pratt 5th New York Heavy Artillery, 2nd Battalion: Major Caspar Urban 116th Ohio: Ltc Thomas F. Wildes 123rd Ohio: Cpt John W. Chamberlain
First Division Col Joseph Thoburn	3rd Brigade Col Thomas M. Harris	23rd Illinois (battalion): Cpt Samuel A. Simison 54th Pennsylvania: Ltc John P. Linton (w)[17] Maj Enoch D. Yutzy 10th West Virginia: Maj Henry H. Withers 11th West Virginia: Ltc Van H. Bukey 15th West Virginia: Maj John W. Holliday
Second Division (Kanawha Division) Col Isaac H. Duval (w) Col Rutherford B. Hayes	1st Brigade Col Rutherford B. Hayes Col Hiram F. Devol	23rd Ohio: Ltc James M. Comly 36th Ohio: Col Hiram F. Devol, Ltc William H. G. Adrey 5th West Virginia (battalion): Ltc William H. Enochs 13th West Virginia: Col William K. Brown
	2nd Brigade Col Daniel D. Johnson (w) Ltc Benjamin F. Coates	34th Ohio (battalion): Ltc Luther Furney 91st Ohio: Ltc Benjamin F. Coates, Maj Lemuel Z. Cadet 9th West Virginia: Maj Benjamin F. Skinner 14th West Virginia: Ltc George W. Taggart
Artillery	Artillery Brigade Cpt Henry A. du Pont	1st Ohio Light Artillery, Battery L: Cpt Frank C. Gibbs 1st Pennsylvania Light Artillery, Battery D: Lt William Munk 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery B: Cpt Henry A. du Pont

Note: Thoburn's 2nd Brigade was detached to guard wagons and field hospitals.[18]

XIX Corps

BG William H. Emory

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division BG William Dwight	1st Brigade Col George L. Beal	29th Maine: Maj William Knowlton (mw),[3] Cpt Alfred L. Turner 30th Massachusetts: Cpt Samuel D. Shipley 114th New York: Col Samuel R. Per Lee (w),[19] Maj Oscar H. Curtis 116th New York: Col George M. Love 153rd New York: Col Edwin P. Davis
	2nd Brigade BG James W. McMillan	12th Connecticut: Ltc Frank H. Peck (mw),[20] Cpt Sidney E. Clark 160th New York: Ltc John B. Van Petten 47th Pennsylvania: Col Tilghman H. Good 8th Vermont: Col Stephen Thomas
	Division Artillery	New York Light Artillery, 5th Battery: Lt John V. Grant
Second Division BG Cuvier Grover	1st Brigade BG Henry W. Birge	9th Connecticut: Col Thomas W. Cahill 12th Maine: Ltc Edwin Ilsley 14th Maine: Col Thomas W. Parker 26th Massachusetts: Col Alphon B. Farr 14th New Hampshire: Col Alexander Gardiner (k); Cpt Flavel L. Tolman 75th New York: Ltc Willoughby Babcock (k), Maj Benjamin F. Thurber
	2nd Brigade Col Edward L. Molineux	13th Connecticut: Col Charles D. Blinn 3rd Massachusetts Cavalry (dismounted): Ltc Lorenzo D. Sargent 11th Indiana: Col Daniel Macauley 22nd Iowa: Col Harvey Graham 131st New York: Col Nicholas W. Day 159th New York: Ltc William Waltermire
	3rd Brigade Col Jacob Sharpe (w)[21] Ltc Alfred Neafie	38th Massachusetts: Ltc James P. Richardson (w),[21] Maj Charles F. Allen 128th New York: Cpt Charles R. Anderson 156th New York: Ltc Alfred Neafie, Cpt James J. Hoyt 175th New York (3 companies): Cpt Charles McCarthy 176th New York: Maj Charles Lewis
	4th Brigade Col David Shunk	8th Indiana: Ltc Alexander J. Kenny 18th Indiana: Ltc William S. Charles 24th Iowa: Ltc John Q. Wilds 28th Iowa: Ltc Bartholomew W. Wilson
	Division Artillery	Maine Light Artillery, 1st Battery: Cpt Albert W. Bradbury
Artillery	Reserve Cpt Elijah D. Taft	1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Battery D: Lt Frederick Chase Indiana Light Artillery, 17th Battery: Cpt Milton L. Milner

Cavalry Corps

BG Alfred T. A. Torbert

Division	Brigade	Regiments and Others
First Division BG Wesley Merritt	1st Brigade BG George Armstrong Custer	1st Michigan Cavalry: Col Peter Stagg 5th Michigan Cavalry: Maj Smith H. Hastings 6th Michigan Cavalry: Col James H. Kidd 7th Michigan Cavalry: Maj Melvin Brewer 25th New York Cavalry: Maj Charles J. Seymour
	2nd Brigade BG Thomas C. Devin	4th New York Cavalry: Maj August Haurand (w), Maj Edward Schwartz 6th New York Cavalry: Maj William E. Beardsley 9th New York Cavalry: Ltc George S. Nichols 19th New York Cavalry (1st Dragoons): Col Alfred Gibbs 17th Pennsylvania Cavalry: Maj Coe Durland
	Reserve Brigade Col Charles Russell Lowell	2nd Massachusetts Cavalry: Col Caspar Crowninshield 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry: Maj Charles L. Leiper 1st U.S. Cavalry: Cpt Eugene M. Baker 2nd U.S. Cavalry: Cpt Theophilus F. Rodenbough (w),[22] Cpt Robert S. Smith 5th U.S. Cavalry: Lt Gustavus Urban
Second Division BG William W. Averell	1st Brigade Col James M. Schoonmaker	22nd Pennsylvania Cavalry: Ltc Andrew J. Greenfield 8th Ohio Cavalry: Col Alpheus S. Moore 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry: Cpt Ashbell F. Duncan, Cpt William W. Miles
	2nd Brigade Col William H. Powell[Note 9]	1st New York Cavalry: Maj Timothy Quinn 1st West Virginia Cavalry: Maj Harvey Farabee 2nd West Virginia Cavalry: Ltc John J. Hoffman 3rd West Virginia Cavalry: Maj John S. Witcher
	Division Artillery	5th U.S. Artillery, Battery L: Lt Gulian V. Weir
Third Division BG James H. Wilson	1st Brigade BG John B. McIntosh (w)[25] Ltc George A. Purington	1st Connecticut Cavalry: Maj George O. Marcy 3rd New Jersey Cavalry: Maj William P. Robeson, Jr. 2nd New York Cavalry: Cpt Walter C. Hull 5th New York Cavalry: Maj Abram H. Krom 2nd Ohio Cavalry: Ltc George A. Purington, Maj A. Bayard Nettleton 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry: Ltc William P. Brinton (c),[25] Maj John W. Phillips
Third Division BG James H. Wilson	2nd Brigade BG George H. Chapman (w)[25] Col William Wells[Note 10]	3rd Indiana Cavalry (2 companies): Lt Benjamin F. Gilbert 1st New Hampshire Cavalry (battalion): Col John L. Thompson 8th New York Cavalry: Ltc William H. Benjamin 22nd New York Cavalry: Maj Caleb Moore 1st Vermont Cavalry: Col William Wells
Horse Artillery	Horse Artillery Cpt La Rhett L. Livingston	1st United States, Batteries K and L: Lt Franck E. Taylor 2nd United States, Batteries B and L: Cpt Charles H. Pierce 2nd United States, Battery D: Lt Edward B. Williston

Notes

Footnotes

Source for all information is the Official Records... by Ainsworth and Kirkley of the United States War Department, Volume XLIII, Chapter LV, pp. 107–112.[1] This source has been compared to Appendix 1 in Scott Patchan's The Last Battle of Winchester..., and differences are footnoted.[2] A small number of cases use additional sources, such as the National Park Service, and are footnoted.[3]
Col William Penrose is listed by Pachan but not by the official records. Campbell's September 26 report says he (Campbell) was in command at Opequon.[6]
95th and 96th Pennsylvania were guarding trains and not engaged in the battle.[8]
Bassett not listed by Patchan. Assumed command when Edwards assumed command of division.[9]
Brigadier General Lewis A. Grant was on a leave of absence.[11]
Both sources list this regiment as the 7th Maine. However, the 1st Regiment, Maine Veteran Infantry was formed on August 21, 1864 from that and other regiments.[12]
Patchan lists this battalion as the 29th New York, but Lt. Col. Holt was in the 49th.[13]
Col McClennan, who had been ill, retired from field due to exhaustion.[16]
Col Henry Capehart (1st West Virginia Cavalry) is listed by the Official Records as commander of Averell's Second Brigade, while Patchan lists Powell. Powell was described as leading the brigade by one soldier, and Powell replaced Averell on September 23.[23][24]
Chapman was disabled for several hours as a bullet hit his sword belt. Colonel William Wells became the active commander of the brigade, although Chapman remained on the field.[26]

Citations

Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, pp. 107-112
Patchan 2013, Appendix 1 of e-book
"Third Battle of Winchester". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-12-23.
Patchan 2013, Ch. 19 of e-book
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 185
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 168
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 174
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 107
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 188
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 198
Patchan 2013, Ch. 14 of e-book
"Union Maine Volunteers - 1st Regiment, Maine Veteran Infantry". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
"Soldier Details - Holt, Erastus D." National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 119
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 222
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 249
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 389
Wert 2010, p. 83
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 292
Patchan 2013, Ch. 16 of e-book
Patchan 2013, Ch. 15 of e-book
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 445
Sutton 2001, p. 160
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 505
Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 518
Patchan 2013, Ch. 20 of e-book

References

Ainsworth, Fred C.; Kirkley, Joseph W. (1902). The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies - Series I Volume XLIII Part I - Additions and Corrections, Chapter LV. Washington, District of Columbia: Government Printing Office. ISBN 978-0-91867-807-2. OCLC 427057. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
Patchan, Scott C. (2013). The Last Battle of Winchester: Phil Sheridan, Jubal Early, and the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, August 7-September 19, 1864. El Dorado Hills, Calif: Savas Beatie. ISBN 978-1-932714-98-2. OCLC 751578151.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Sutton, Joseph J. (2001) [1892]. History of the Second Regiment, West Virginia Cavalry Volunteers, During the War of the Rebellion. Huntington, WV: Blue Acorn Press. ISBN 978-0-9628866-5-2. OCLC 263148491.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Wert, Jeffry D. (2010). From Winchester to Cedar Creek: The Shenandoah Campaign of 1864. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-80932-972-4. OCLC 463454602.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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[4] Source for all information is the Official Records... by Ainsworth and Kirkley of the United States War Department, Volume XLIII, Chapter LV, pp. 107–112.[1] This source has been compared to Appendix 1 in Scott Patchan's The Last Battle of Winchester..., and differences are footnoted.[2] A small number of cases use additional sources, such as the National Park Service, and are footnoted.[3]

[8] Col William Penrose is listed by Pachan but not by the official records. Campbell's September 26 report says he (Campbell) was in command at Opequon.[6]

[11] 95th and 96th Pennsylvania were guarding trains and not engaged in the battle.[8]

[13] Bassett not listed by Patchan. Assumed command when Edwards assumed command of division.[9]

[16] Brigadier General Lewis A. Grant was on a leave of absence.[11]

[18] Both sources list this regiment as the 7th Maine. However, the 1st Regiment, Maine Veteran Infantry was formed on August 21, 1864 from that and other regiments.[12]

[20] Patchan lists this battalion as the 29th New York, but Lt. Col. Holt was in the 49th.[13]

[24] Col McClennan, who had been ill, retired from field due to exhaustion.[16]

[33] Col Henry Capehart (1st West Virginia Cavalry) is listed by the Official Records as commander of Averell's Second Brigade, while Patchan lists Powell. Powell was described as leading the brigade by one soldier, and Powell replaced Averell on September 23.[23][24]

[36] Chapman was disabled for several hours as a bullet hit his sword belt. Colonel William Wells became the active commander of the brigade, although Chapman remained on the field.[26]

[Ainsworth107-112-1] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, pp. 107-112

[PatchanA-2] Patchan 2013, Appendix 1 of e-book

[NPSThirdWin-3] "Third Battle of Winchester". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-12-23.

[PatchanCh19-5] Patchan 2013, Ch. 19 of e-book

[Ainsworth185-6] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 185

[Ainsworth168-7] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 168

[Ainsworth174-9] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 174

[Ainsworth107-10] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 107

[Ainsworth188-12] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 188

[Ainsworth198-14] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 198

[Patchan14-15] Patchan 2013, Ch. 14 of e-book

[NPS1stMaineVet-17] "Union Maine Volunteers - 1st Regiment, Maine Veteran Infantry". National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

[NPSErastusHolt-19] "Soldier Details - Holt, Erastus D." National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2020-11-18.

[Ainsworth119-21] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 119

[Ainsworth222-22] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 222

[Ainsworth249-23] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 249

[Ainsworth389-25] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 389

[Wert83-26] Wert 2010, p. 83

[Ainsworth292-27] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 292

[Patchan16-28] Patchan 2013, Ch. 16 of e-book

[Patchan15-29] Patchan 2013, Ch. 15 of e-book

[Ainsworth445-30] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 445

[Sutton160-31] Sutton 2001, p. 160

[Ainsworth505-32] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 505

[Ainsworth518-34] Ainsworth & Kirkley 1902, p. 518

[Patchan20-35] Patchan 2013, Ch. 20 of e-book