Orbisiana

Orbisiana is an Ediacaran benthic organism formed of series of agglutinated spherical or hemispherical chambers. It is believed to be a close relative of Palaeopascichnus.

Orbisiana
Temporal range: Ediacaran
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
incertae sedis
Genus:
Orbisiana

Sokolov, 1976
Species
  • O. simplex Sokolov, 1976
  • O. linearis (Chen, 1994)


Description

Orbisiana occur in aggregates made up of rows arranged in sometimes branching chains.[1] 3-D analysis has shown Orbisiana to be cylindrical in shape and open at both the top and bottom ends of its structure.[2] The chains often varied in shape from straight to curved and disorganized lines of spheres with no fixed number of spheres per chain.[2] Specimens range in size but generally have diameters of 0.2–0.9 millimetres (0.0079–0.0354 in).[3] The cell membranes of the organism are often pyritized.[4] The individual chambers are agglutinating.[5]

Diversity

Two species have been documented, O. linearis and O. simplex.[2][3][4][6][7]

It fits into the Palaeopascichnids, the other genus being Palaeopascichnus itself.[8]

Discovery

Orbisiana was first described by B.S. Sokolov in 1976, found in the Neoproterozoic of Russia.[3][6]

Distribution

Over 100 specimens have been collected from the lower Ediacaran Lantian Formation located in Xiuning and Yixian counties of the Anhui Province, China.[2][7]

Ecology

Orbisiana likely favored calm and well aerated shallow marine habitats in which it could utilize sunlight for benthic photosynthesis.[6]

References
  1. Kolesnikov, Anton V.; Liu, Alexander G.; Danelian, Taniel; Grazhdankin, Dmitriy V. (2018). "A reassessment of the problematic Ediacaran genus Orbisiana Sokolov 1976". Precambrian Research. 316: 197–205. Bibcode:2018PreR..316..197K. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.011.
  2. Wan, Bin; Xiao, Shuhai; Yuan, Xunlai; Chen, Zhe; Pang, Ke; Tang, Qing; Guan, Chengguo; Maisano, Jessica A. (2014). "Orbisiana linearis from the early Ediacaran Lantian Formation of South China and its taphonomic and ecological implications". Precambrian Research. 255: 266–275. Bibcode:2014PreR..255..266W. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2014.09.028.
  3. Jensen, Sören (2003). "The Proterozoic and Earliest Cambrian Trace Fossil Record; Patterns, Problems and Perspectives". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 43 (1): 219–228. doi:10.1093/icb/43.1.219. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 21680425.
  4. Sokolov, B. S. (1976). "The Earth's organic world on the path toward Phanerozoic differentiation". Vestn. Akademiya Nauk. 1: 126–143.
  5. Kolesnikov, Anton V; Liu, Alexander G; Danelian, Taniel; Grazhdankin, Dmitriy V (2018). "A reassessment of the problematic Ediacaran genus Orbisiana Sokolov 1976". Precambrian Research. 316: 197–205. Bibcode:2018PreR..316..197K. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.011.
  6. Fedonkin, M. A.; Simonetta, A.; Ivantsov, A. Y. (2007). "New data on Kimberella, the Vendian mollusc-like organism (White Sea region, Russia): palaeoecological and evolutionary implications". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 286 (1): 157–179. Bibcode:2007GSLSP.286..157F. doi:10.1144/sp286.12. S2CID 331187.
  7. Xiao, Shuhai; Dong, Lin (2006). Neoproterozoic Geobiology and Paleobiology. Topics in Geobiology. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 57–90. doi:10.1007/1-4020-5202-2_3. ISBN 9781402052019.
  8. Kolesnikov, Anton V.; Liu, Alexander G.; Danelian, Taniel; Grazhdankin, Dmitriy V. (2018). "A reassessment of the problematic Ediacaran genus Orbisiana Sokolov 1976". Precambrian Research. 316: 197–205. Bibcode:2018PreR..316..197K. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2018.08.011.
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