Ossicaulis

Ossicaulis is a ditypic genus of mushrooms in the family Lyophyllaceae.[1]

Ossicaulis
Ossicaulis lignatilis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Agaricales
Family:
Lyophyllaceae
Genus:
Ossicaulis

Redhead & Ginns (1985)
Type species
Ossicaulis lignatilis
(Pers.) Redhead & Ginns (1985)
Species

O. lachnopus
O. lignatilis

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 1985 to contain the species originally described as Agaricus lignatilis by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1801.[2] This was considered the sole species in the genus until 2007, when Marco Contu validly published a description of O. lachnopus from collections in Italy.[3] Recent analysis (2013) confirms that O. lachnopus and O. lignatilis should be considered distinct species.[4] Molecular genetics analysis suggests that Ossicaulis is most closely related to the genera Asterophora, Hypsizygus, Lyophyllum, and Tricholomella.[5]

Description

Ossicaulis species have gills that are adnexed, adnate or somewhat decurrent and a stipe that is centrally or laterally attached to the cap. The hyphal system is monomitic (meaning only generative hyphae are present), the trama is regular, and there are clamp connections in the hyphae. Spores are small and ellipsoidal in shape. The cap cuticle features coral-shaped (coralloid) hyphae, and there are additionally coralloid to narrowly club-shaped cheilocystidia in the hymenium. The two species are similar in most macroscopic characteristics, but they can be reliably differentiated by differences in spore width: O. lachnopus is 2.8–4.0 by 2.0–2.4 µm, while the dimensions of O. lignatilis spores are 4.0–5.6 by 2.4–3.2 µm.[4]

Habitat and distribution

Both species are widespread throughout Europe; O. lignatilis is also found in North America. O. lachnopus tends to grow in natural forested habitats, while O. lignatilis prefers habitats that are man-made or have been influenced by man, like towns, villages, parks, and avenues. Both species grow on dead and decaying wood of deciduous (rarely coniferous) trees.[4]

References
  1. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 488. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. Redhead SA, Ginns J (1985). "A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood". Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 26 (3): 349–81.
  3. Contu M. (2007). "Funghi della Sardegna: note e descrizioni—VII" [Agarics of Sardinia: notes and descriptions—VII]. Micologia e Vegetazione Mediterranea (in Italian). 22 (1): 29–40.
  4. Holec J, Kolarik M (2013). "Ossicaulis lachnopus (Agaricales, Lyophyllaceae), a species similar to O. lignatilis, is verified by morphological and molecular methods". Mycological Progress. 12 (3): 589–97. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0866-2. S2CID 15644123.
  5. Matheny PB, Curtis JM, Hofstetter V, Aime MC, Moncalvo JM, Ge ZW, Yang ZL, Slot JC, Ammirati JF, Baroni TJ (2006). "Major clades of Agaricales: A multilocus phylogenetic overview". Mycologia. 98 (6): 982–95. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.982. PMID 17486974.
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