Outline of C++

C++ can be described as all of the following:

• Programming language — artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.
  • Compiled language — programming language implemented through compilers (translators which generate machine code from source code), and not interpreters (step-by-step executors of source code, where no translation takes place).
  • General-purpose programming language — programming language designed to be used for writing software in a wide variety of application domains.
  • Intermediate language — language of an abstract machine designed to aid in the analysis of computer programs. The term comes from their use in compilers, where a compiler first translates the source code of a program into a form more suitable for code-improving transformations, as an intermediate step before generating object or machine code for a target machine.
  • Object-oriented programming language – programming language based on "objects", which are data structures that contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, known as methods. An object's procedures can access and modify the data fields of the objects. In object-oriented programming, computer programs are designed by making them out of objects that interact with one another.
  • Statically typed programming language

• Name resolution
  • Argument-dependent name lookup — applies to the lookup of an unqualified function name depending on the types of the arguments given to the function call. This behavior is also known as Koenig lookup, named after its inventor Andrew Koenig (programmer).
• Auto-linking — mechanism for automatically determining which libraries to link to while building a C or C++ program. It is activated by means of #pragma comment(lib, <name>) statements in the header files of the library.
• Classes — Classes define types of data structures and the functions that operate on those data structures. Instances of these datatypes are known as objects and can contain member variables, constants, member functions, and overloaded operators defined by the programmer. The C++ programming language allows programmers to separate program-specific datatypes through the use of classes.
• Exception guarantees
• Header file
• Inner class
• One Definition Rule
• Opaque pointer
• Plain old data structure
• Rule of three (C++ programming)
• Run-time type information
• Sequence point
• Single Compilation Unit
• Special member functions
• Substitution failure is not an error
• Template (C++)
• Template metaprogramming
• Traits class
• Undefined behavior
• Virtual function calls

• Compatibility of C and C++

• History of C++
• Programming languages that influenced C++
  • C
  • Simula
  • Ada 83
  • ALGOL 68
  • CLU
  • ML[2]
• Standardisation History
  • C++98 — In 1998, the C++ standards committee standardized C++ and published the international standard ISO/IEC 14882:1998 (informally known as C++98).
  • C++03
  • C++11 — Approved by ISO as of 12 August 2011, replacing C++03.[3] The name is derived from the tradition of naming language versions by the year of the specification's publication.
  • C++14 — Most recent iteration of C++, announced by ISO on 18 August 2014, replacing C++11.[4]
  • C++17 - Upcoming version. The specification is feature complete, and is entering the review period.[5]
  • C++20[6]

• Articles with example C++ code

• Alexander Stepanov
• Andrei Alexandrescu
• Andrew Koenig
• Bjarne Stroustrup– Danish computer scientist, most notable for the creation and development of C++.
• David Abrahams
• Douglas C. Schmidt
• Herb Sutter
• Jim Coplien (a.k.a. James O. Coplien)
• Pete Becker
• Robert Cecil Martin
• Scott Meyers

The C++ standardisation committee discourages dialects (with a preference that the problem is solved by new functionality in the standard library, as is done with items like multi-threading for parallel programming), however some dialects have been created, for various reasons (to remove features that are harder to implement, response to a programming trend, etc.):

• Programming language dialect — (relatively small) variation or extension of the language that does not change its intrinsic nature.
  • Charm++ — parallel object-oriented programming language based on C++ and developed in the Parallel Programming Laboratory at the University of Illinois. Charm++ is designed with the goal of enhancing programmer productivity by providing a high-level abstraction of a parallel program while at the same time delivering good performance on a wide variety of underlying hardware platforms.
  • Embedded C++ — dialect of C++ for embedded systems, built "to provide embedded systems programmers with a subset of C++ that is easy for the average C programmer to understand and use".[7]
    • Embedded system — computer system designed for specific control functions for a facility, machine, or device in which it is embedded as an integrated part of the product. Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.
• R++ — rule-based programming language developed by Bell Labs in the 1990s, based on C++.
• Sieve C++ Parallel Programming System — C++ compiler and parallel runtime designed and released by Codeplay that aims to simplify the parallelization of code so that it may run efficiently on multi-processor or multi-core systems.
• ΜC++

• Outline of computer programming
• Outline of software
• Outline of software engineering