PMEL (gene)

Melanocyte protein PMEL also known as premelanosome protein (PMEL) or silver locus protein homolog (SILV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMEL gene.[5][6] Its gene product may be referred to as PMEL, silver, ME20, gp100 or Pmel17.

PMEL
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesPMEL, D12S53E, ME20, ME20-M, ME20M, P1, P100, PMEL17, SI, SIL, SILV, gp100, premelanosome protein
External IDsOMIM: 155550 MGI: 98301 HomoloGene: 5048 GeneCards: PMEL
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 12 (human)[1]
Band12q13.2Start55,954,105 bp[1]
End55,973,317 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6490

20431

Ensembl

ENSG00000185664

ENSMUSG00000025359

UniProt

P40967

Q60696
Q9CZB2

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001200053
NM_001200054
NM_006928
NM_001320121
NM_001320122

NM_021882

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001186982
NP_001186983
NP_001307050
NP_001307051
NP_008859

NP_068682

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 55.95 – 55.97 MbChr 10: 128.7 – 128.72 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Structure and function

PMEL is a 100 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed primarily in pigment cells of the skin and eye. The transmembrane form of PMEL is modified in the secretory pathway by elaboration of N-linked oligosaccharides and addition and modification of O-linked oligosaccharides. It is then targeted to precursors of the pigment organelle, the melanosome, where it is proteolytically processed to several small fragments. Some of these fragments form non-pathological amyloid that assemble into sheets and form the striated pattern that underlies melanosomal ultrastructure. PMEL cleavage is mediated by several proteases including a proprotein convertase of the furin family, a "sheddase" that might include members of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family, and additional proteases in melanosomes or their precursors. After the amyloidogenic region is cleaved, the small remaining integral membrane fragment is digested by γ-secretase.

The expression of the PMEL gene is regulated by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF).[7][8]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185664 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025359 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Kim KK, Youn BS, Heng HH, Shi XM, Tsui LC, Lee ZH, Pickard RT, Kwon BS (Oct 1996). "Genomic organization and FISH mapping of human Pmel 17, the putative silver locus". Pigment Cell Res. 9 (1): 42–8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.1996.tb00085.x. PMID 8739560.
  6. "Entrez Gene: SILV silver homolog (mouse)".
  7. Du J, Miller AJ, Widlund HR, Horstmann MA, Ramaswamy S, Fisher DE (2003). "MLANA/MART1 and SILV/PMEL17/GP100 are transcriptionally regulated by MITF in melanocytes and melanoma". Am. J. Pathol. 163 (1): 333–43. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63657-7. PMC 1868174. PMID 12819038.
  8. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971. S2CID 24698373.

Further reading

  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P40967 (Melanocyte protein PMEL) at the PDBe-KB.
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