PSA Certified

PSA Certified is a security certification scheme for Internet of Things (IoT) hardware, software and devices. It was created by seven stakeholder companies as part of a global partnership. The security scheme was created by Arm Holdings, Brightsight, CAICT, Prove & Run, Riscure, TrustCB and UL.

For other uses, see PSA.
PSA Certified
Effective regionWorldwide
Effective since2017
Type of standardSecurity certification scheme
Websitepsacertified.org

Arm Holdings first brought forward the Platform Security Architecture (PSA) specifications in 2017 to outline common standards for IoT security,[1] with PSA Certified assurance scheme launching two years later in 2019.

History

In 2017, Arm Holdings created Platform Security Architecture (PSA), a standard for IoT security. The standard builds trust between Internet of Things services and devices.[2][3] It was built to include an array of specifications such as threat models, security analyses, hardware and firmware architecture specifications, and an open-source firmware reference implementation.[4] It aimed to become an industry-wide security component, with built-in security functions for both software and device manufacturers.[1]

PSA has since evolved to become PSA Certified, a four-stage framework which can be used by IoT designers for security practices.[5] The framework included different levels of trust, with each level contains a different level of assessment, with progressively increasing security assurances.[6]

In 2018, the first IoT threat models and PSA documents were published.[7]

The certification of PSA Certified launched at Embedded World in 2019,[8] where Level 1 Certification was presented to chip vendors. A draft of Level 2 protection was presented at the same time.[9]

Six of the seven founding stakeholders created the PSA Certified specifications, which are now make up the PSA Joint Stakeholders Agreement. The stakeholders are Arm Holdings, Brightsight, CAICT, Prove & Run, Riscure and UL. TrustCB became the seventh PSA Certified JSA member, acting as an independent Certification Body for the scheme. Out of the six other founding members, four are security test laboratories, which includes Brightsight, CAICT, Riscure and UL.[6]

The first PSA Certified Level 2 certificates were issued to chip vendors in February 2020.[10]

Certification

The PSA Joint Stakeholders Agreement outlines how members can create a worldwide standard for IoT security that enables the electronic industry to have an easy to understand security scheme. The security certification scheme documents enable a security-by-design approach to a diverse set of IoT products. The scheme starts with a security assessment of the chip and its Root of Trust (RoT) and then builds outwards to the system software and device application code. PSA Certified specifications are implementation and architecture agnostic so can be applied to any chip, software or device.[11][9]

PSA Certified aims to removes industry fragmentation for IoT product manufacturers and developers in a number of ways. The world's leading IoT chip vendors are delivering system-on-chips built with a PSA Root of Trust (PSA-RoT) providing a new widely available security component with built-in security functions that software platforms and original device manufacturers (OEMs) can make use of.[12]

Functional API certification

A high-level set of APIs are provided by the PSA-RoT to abstract the trusted hardware and firmware used by different chip vendors. These APIs include:

  • PSA Cryptography API
  • PSA Attestation API
  • PSA Storage API

Open source API test suites are available to check compliance for PSA Functional API Certification.[3]. An open-source implementation of the PSA Root of Trust APIs is provided by the TrustedFirmware.org project.

Level 1

The first level of security certification for PSA Certified is Level 1, aimed at chip vendors, software platforms and device manufacturers. The certification consists of questions, document review and an interview by one of the certification labs.[11] The completed answers are accompanied with explanatory notes, checked by the certification lab. According to the PSA Certified website, language and mappings align with other important IoT requirements, such as standards and laws. These include NISTIR 8259, ETSI 303 645 and SB-327.[13]

Level 2

The mid-level security certification involves testing by a security lab, focusing on source code review and the PSA-root of trust (PSA-RoT), over the course of a month to attain the level 2 certification. This process focuses on carefully defined attack methods and utilizes a set evaluation methodology.[14] It also ensures hardware must support PSA-RoT functions and is therefore aimed at chip vendors.[4]

According to Forbes, they believed Level 2 was likely to become the most common level for consumer IoT applications.[11]

Level 3

The final level extends the criteria of Level 2 to include various physical attacks.

Industry adoption

Since the launch of the standard, it has been adopted by a number of chip manufacturers. They have included Cypress Semiconductor,[15] Winbond,[16][17] Unisoc,[18] STMicroelectronics,[19] Microchip Technology,[20] NXP Semiconductor,[21] Renesas Electronics,[22] Nordic Semiconductor,[23] Nuvoton,[24] and Silicon Labs.[25] Software platform adoption has included RT-Thread,[26] Zephyr OS.[27] and Express Logic.[28]

References
  1. Dent, Steve (October 23, 2017). "Google and others back Internet of Things security push". Engadget.
  2. McGregor, Jim (October 30, 2017). "Not All Electronic Device Are Secure, But ARM's PSA May Change That". Forbes.
  3. Takahshi, Dean. "Arm unveils security certification testing for IoT devices". VentureBeat.
  4. "Momentum Builds for PSA Certified". Embedded Computing Design. March 30, 2020.
  5. Khan, Jeremy (October 23, 2017). "SoftBank's ARM Makes Bid to Standardize IoT Security Industry". Bloomberg.
  6. Condon, Stephanie (February 25, 2019). "Arm partners with testing labs to provide IOT security certification". ZDNet.
  7. Williams, Chris (October 17, 2018). "Arm PSA IoT API? BRB... Toolbox of tech to secure net-connected kit opens up some more". TheRegister.
  8. Hayes, Caroline (February 25, 2019). "Embedded World: Arm introduces fourth security element to PSA". Electronics Weekly.
  9. "PSA Certified–building trust, building value". EE Times. March 4, 2019.
  10. "The $6trn importance of security standards and regulation in the IoT era". IoT Now. March 16, 2020.
  11. McGregor, Jim (March 4, 2019). "Arm Introduces Security Certification Testing For IoT". Forbes.
  12. Speed, Richard (February 26, 2019). "Azure IoT heads spacewards to maintain connectivity at the edge, courtesy of Inmarsat". TheRegister.
  13. "Level 1". PSA Certified.
  14. "Arm Releases New Infrastructure and Security Certifications for IoT Devices". AllAboutCircuits. February 25, 2019.
  15. "Cypress Processing Solution with Built-in System Layer Security Fortifies IoT Application Design".
  16. "Winbond TrustME Secure Flash Memory achieves PSA Certified Level 2". Winbond. February 26, 2020.
  17. Winning, Ally. "Winbond TrustME secure flash gets PSA Certified Level 2 Ready". EE News.
  18. "Unisoc Launches All-New AIOT Solution V5663". Unisoc. March 2, 2020.
  19. "STMicroelectronics' STM32H7 Series MCU Leverages the New Platform Security Architecture from Arm to Boost Protection for Connected, Smart Devices". STMicroelectronics.
  20. "SAM L10 and SAM L11 Microcontroller Family". Microchip Technology.
  21. "Multiple NXP Edge Processors Now PSA Certified". NXP Semiconductors. February 25, 2019.
  22. "Renesas Electronics Unveils RA Family of 32-Bit Arm Cortex-M Microcontrollers with Superior Performance and Advanced Security for Intelligent IoT Applications". Renesas.
  23. "Nordic nRF9160 SiP among first of major semiconductor vendor products to gain PSA Certification for IoT trusted security". Nordic Semiconductor.
  24. "Nuvoton Debuts PSA Certified Level 1 and PSA Functional API Certified Arm Cortex-M23 Based MCU for Global Market Targeting IoT Security". Nuvoton.
  25. "Riscure Completes PSA Certified Security Evaluation Project for Silicon Labs". Riscure. February 25, 2019.
  26. Cohen, Perry. "RT-Thread IoT OS Achieves PSA Security Certification". Embedded Computing Design.
  27. "Linaro contributes to the Zephyr Project becoming PSA certified". Linaro.
  28. "Express Logic's X-Ware IoT Platform is now Arm PSA Certified". Embedded Computing.
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