Paderborn

Paderborn (German pronunciation: [paːdɐˈbɔʁn] (listen))[2] is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and "born", an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.

Paderborn
Flag
Coat of arms
Location of the city of Paderborn within the district
LichtenauBüren
Paderborn
Paderborn
Coordinates: 51°43′05″N 8°45′15″E
CountryGermany
StateNorth Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. regionDetmold
DistrictPaderborn
Subdivisions8
Government
 • MayorMichael Dreier (CDU)
Area
 • Total179.38 km2 (69.26 sq mi)
Highest elevation
347 m (1,138 ft)
Lowest elevation
94 m (308 ft)
Population
 (2019-12-31)[1]
 • Total151,633
 • Density850/km2 (2,200/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
33041-33106
Dialling codes05251, 05252, 05254, 05293
Vehicle registrationPB
Websitepaderborn.de

History

Paderborn was founded as a bishopric by Charlemagne in 795, although its official history began in 777 when Charlemagne built a castle near the Pader springs.[3] In 799 Pope Leo III fled his enemies in Rome and reached Paderborn, where he met Charlemagne, and stayed there for three months. It was during this time that it was decided that Charlemagne would be crowned emperor. Charlemagne reinstated Leo in Rome in 800 and was crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by Leo in return. In 836, St. Liborius became the patron saint of Paderborn after his bones were moved there from Le Mans by Bishop Badurad.[4] St. Liborius is commemorated in Paderborn every year in July with the Liborifest.

The bishop of Paderborn, Meinwerk, became a Prince of the Empire in 1100. The bishop had several large buildings built, and the area became a place for the emperors to stay.[3]

Paderborn in 1647.

The city was taken by Prussia in 1802, then by the French vassal state Kingdom of Westphalia from 1807 to 1813 and then returned to Prussia.

Native Friedrich Sertürner, a pharmacist's apprentice in Paderborn, was the first to isolate morphine from opium in 1804.

In 1914 the Paderborn military camp was turned into a prisoner of war camp named Sennelager.

In 1930, the See of Paderborn was promoted to archdiocese.

During World War II, Paderborn was bombed by Allied aircraft in 1944 and 1945, resulting in 85% destruction, including many of the historic buildings. It was seized by the US 3rd Armored Division after a pitched battle 31 March - 1 April 1945, in which tanks and flamethrowers were used during combined mechanized-infantry assaults against the city's southwestern, southern and southeastern approaches.[5]

After the city was reconstructed in the 1940s and 1950s, Paderborn became a major industrial seat in Westphalia.[4] The British Army has retained a significant presence in the area, and uses the nearby Sennelager Training Area.

Geography
Pader River
Eggegebirge

Paderborn is situated at the source of the river Pader, approximately 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Lippstadt and approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Bielefeld on the Pader. The hills of the Eggegebirge are located east of the city.

Neighbouring municipalities

Subdivisions

The city of Paderborn consists of the following Stadtteile (city sections):

  • Paderborn (city center)
  • Benhausen
  • Dahl
  • Elsen
  • Marienloh
  • Neuenbeken
  • Sande
  • Sennelager
  • Schloß Neuhaus
  • Wewer

Demographics

Paderborn has a population of over 144,000, of which approximately 10% are students at the local university. Additionally, about 10,000 members or relatives of members of the British armed forces live within Westfalen Garrison, but are not included in the nominal population size.

Largest groups of foreign residents
NationalityPopulation (2011)
 Turkey2,210
 Poland1,212
 Italy1,206
 United Kingdom903
 China627
 Russia578
 Serbia and Montenegro573
 Spain326

60% of the population are Catholics, 20% Lutherans and 20% members of other faiths or not religious.

Economy

Paderborn is the headquarters of the former Nixdorf Computer AG, which was acquired by Siemens in the early 1990s and known as Siemens-Nixdorf for about ten years. The company is now known as Diebold Nixdorf, which is still located in Paderborn, but Siemens retains a considerable presence in the city.

Many other information technology companies as well as industrial enterprises are located in Paderborn, too:

Paderborn is also home of the "Paderborner" brewery, which has belonged to the Warsteiner group since 1990.

Arts and culture

Paderborn has the largest computer museum in the world, the de:Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum. From 2001 to 2005 it hosted the RoboCup German Open.

The town supports the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie for regular symphony concerts in the Paderhalle.

The city is known today for its exhibitions in three museums: the Kaiserpfalz, The Diocesan Museum and the Art Museum - Städtische Galerie.[6]

  • Central Paderborn and Cathedral
  • Saint George's church, Paderborn
  • Town hall Paderborn (Rathaus)
  • Inside the Bartholomäuskapelle
  • Photo of Paderborn city center

Government

Town twinning
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Paderborn is a sister city with:

Sports

Paderborn is nationally known as a center for American Sports. The local baseball team, the Paderborn Untouchables, has won many German championships. The local American Football team, the Paderborn Dolphins, has also enjoyed considerable success. In 2006 the Paderborn Baskets, the home basketball team of the city was promoted to the Bundesliga.

Paderborn Baskets (basketball)

In the past, the Paderborn Baskets played multiple seasons in the Basketball Bundesliga. They reached the playoffs in the 2008–09 season.

SC Paderborn 07 (football)

SC Paderborn 07 is the most successful football club in Paderborn. They were promoted to the Bundesliga, Germany's top flight, in 2019 but relegated back to 2. Bundesliga at the end of the same season.

The club was formed out of the 1985 merger of FC Paderborn and TuS Schloß Neuhaus as TuS Paderborn-Neuhaus and took on its current, shorter name in 1997. The Neuhaus club was founded in 1907 as SV 07 Neuhaus which was joined by the local side TuS 1910 Sennelager to become TuS Schloss Neuhaus in 1970. The Neuhaus and Paderborn teams played as tier III sides for most of their histories, as has the unified club. Today Paderborn plays its home matches at the Benteler Arena. In 2014, SC Paderborn was promoted to the Bundesliga for the first time. They are now in the top flight again after a thrilling promotion campaign.

Infrastructure

Transport
Paderborn Airport

Paderborn is located at the Autobahn A 33, which connects Paderborn to the Autobahn A 2 in the north and the Autobahn A 44 in the south.

The main station is a regular stop for the InterCity on the Hamm–Warburg line and several local trains.

The Paderborn Lippstadt Airport connects Paderborn to the bigger German airports and offers flights to many locations in Europe. There is a bus shuttle between the airport and the Paderborn main train station. General Aviation and gliders are based at Paderborn-Haxterberg (site of the world gliding championships in 1981).

In Paderborn there is a bus system served by the PaderSprinter for local buses and the Bahnbus Hochstift for regional buses.

Education
University of Paderborn

Paderborn was once the oldest academic site in Westphalia. In 1614, the University of Paderborn was founded by the Jesuits but was closed in 1819. It was re-founded in 1972 as Universität-Gesamthochschule and transformed into a university in its own right in 2002. Today, it is attended by about 20,000 students.

There also are several theological and private academic institutes in Paderborn.

There are a number of grammar schools in the city, the most prominent of which are the Theodorianum and St. Michael Gymnasium , along with others such as the Goerdeler-Gymnasium. There are also a few British primary schools such as John Buchan School, which is located in Sennelager and mainly educates children of British military personnel and the garrison's employees.

Notable people

Historical
Joseph Hermann Schmidt
Karl von Plettenberg
Sophie Schröder in 1828
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner

Modern

See also

References
  1. "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Nordrhein-Westfalens am 31. Dezember 2019" (in German). Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
  2. "Duden dictionary". Retrieved 7 December 2013.
  3. Ed. Heribert Zelder, Tourist Information Services, Welcome to Paderborn, Stadt Paderborn: Paderborn, Germany, 2009.
  4. Ed. Heribert Zelder, Tourist Information Services, Welcome to Paderborn, Stadt Paderborn: Paderborn, Germany, 2009.
  5. Stanton, Shelby, World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946 (Revised Edition, 2006), p. 52
  6. CREDO in Paderborn - Medieval Histories 2013: 9 ISBN 978-87-92858-11-5
  7. Lelièvre, Jean; Balavoine, Maurice (1994). Le Mans-Paderborn, 836-1994: dans l'Europe, une amitié séculaire, un sillage de lumière. Le Mans: M. Balavoine. pp. 1–42. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
  8. "The Origins of Town Twinning" (PDF). Inverness: The City of Inverness Town Twinning Committee. 8 December 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 2009-10-30.

Further reading
  • Media related to Paderborn at Wikimedia Commons
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