Paranotoreas fulva

Paranotoreas fulva is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. This species is endemic to New Zealand. It is classified as "At Risk, Relict" by the Department of Conservation.

Paranotoreas fulva
Female
Male
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Geometridae
Genus: Paranotoreas
Species:
P. fulva
Binomial name
Paranotoreas fulva
(Hudson, 1905)[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Lythria fulva Hudson, 1905
  • Notoreas fulva (Hudson, 1905)

Taxonomy

This species was first described and illustrated by George Vernon Hudson in 1905 and was given the name Lythria fulva.[1] Hudson used a specimen collected at about 3500 ft at Wedderburn, Central Otago by J. H. Lewis.[3][2] Hudson discussed and illustrated this species in his 1928 book The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand under the name Notoreas fulva.[4][2] In 1986 Robin C. Craw proposed placing this species within the genus Paranotoreas.[5] The lectotype specimen is held at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.[2]

Description

Hudson described the species as follows:

The expansion of the wings is ​3⁄4in. The fore wings are dull grey-ish brown, greenish-tinged. There is a wavy darker band near the base ; a broad median band with a strong rounded projection towards the terman above middle ; a dull greenish band on termen preceded by row of pale dots on veins, cilia grey with blackish bars. The hind wings are dull reddish-ochreous. There are three very obscure blackish transverse lines. The cilia are grey, faintly barred with darker.[3]

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Zealand.[6] As well as the type locality, this species has also been found in Alexandra.[4] P. fulva also occurs in the Manorburn Ecological District,[7] as well as at Pisa Flats, Chapman Road Scientific Reserve, Springvale Junction, Moa Creek and other sites in Otago[8] and South Canterbury.[9]

Life cycle and behaviour

This species is a day flying moth.[9] It has been recorded on the wing in March.[4]

Host species and habitat

This species occurs in the salt pans of Otago[8][10] as well as at tussock grassland areas of montane South Canterbury.[9]

Conservation status

This moth is classified under the New Zealand Threat Classification system as being "At Risk, Relict".[11] This species is under threat as a result of loss of habitat upon which it relies.[9]

References
  1. "Paranotoreas fulva (Hudsona, 1905)". www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
  2. Dugdale, J. S. (1988). "Lepidoptera-annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. 14: 207 – via Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd.
  3. Hudson, G. V. (1905). "On some new species of macrolepidoptera in New Zealand". Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 37: 355–358 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  4. Hudson, G. V. (1928). The Butterflies and Moths of New Zealand. Wellington: Ferguson & Osborn Ltd. p. 127.
  5. Craw, R.C. (5 January 2012). "Review of the genus Notoreas (sensu auctorum) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 13 (1): 131–140. doi:10.1080/03014223.1986.10422654.
  6. Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume two. Kingdom animalia : chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. Christchurch, N.Z.: Canterbury University Press. p. 461. ISBN 9781877257933. OCLC 973607714.
  7. Patrick, B.H. (1989). Lepidoptera, Cicadidae, Acrididae of the Manorburn Ecological District (PDF). Wellington, N.Z.: Department of Conservation. ISBN 0-478-01144-X. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  8. Allen, R.B.; McIntosh, P.D. (1997). Guidelines for conservation of salt pans in central Otago (PDF). Wellington, N.Z.: Department of Conservation, New Zealand. ISBN 0478018975. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  9. Patrick, Brian H. (2006). "Conservation of New Zealand's tussock grassland moth fauna". docslide.com.br. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  10. Patrick, Brian (October 1989). "Panbiogeography and the amateur naturalist with reference to conservation implications". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 16 (4): 749–755. doi:10.1080/03014223.1989.10422931.
  11. Hoare, R.J.B.; Dugdale, J.S.; Edwards, E.D.; Gibbs, G.W.; Patrick, B.H.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Rolfe, J.R. (2017). Conservation status of New Zealand butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), 2015 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Department of Conservation. p. 8. ISBN 9781988514383.
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