Peneus

In Greek mythology, Peneus (/pəˈniːəs/; Ancient Greek: Πηνειός) was a Thessalian river god, one of the three thousand Rivers (Potamoi), a child of Oceanus and Tethys.[1]

For other uses, see Peneus (disambiguation).
Peneus averts his gaze as Apollo, pierced by Cupid's arrow of desire, pursues Daphne, transforming into the laurel (Apollo and Daphne, 1625, by Poussin)
River gods consoling Peneus for the Loss of his Daughter, Daphne

Family

The nymph Creusa bore him one son, Hypseus, who was King of the Lapiths,[2][3] and three daughters, Menippe (mother of Phrastor by Pelasgus),[4] Daphne[5][6] and Stilbe.[2] Some sources state that he was the father of Cyrene,[7][8] alternately known as his granddaughter through Hypseus. Daphne, in an Arcadian version of the myth, was, instead, the daughter of the river god Ladon.[9][10][11]

Peneus also had a son Atrax with Bura,[12] and Andreus with an unknown consort.[13] Tricce (or Tricca), eponym of the city Tricca, was mentioned as his daughter.[14] In later accounts, Peneus was credited to be the father of Chrysogenia who consorted with Zeus and became the mother of Thissaeus. Meanwhile, his daughter Astabe coupled with Hermes and became the parents of Astacus, father of Iocles, father of Hipponous.[15]

Mythology

Eros shot Apollo with one of his arrows, causing him to fall in love with Daphne. It was Eros's plan that Daphne would scorn Apollo because Eros was angry that Apollo had made fun of his archery skills.[16] Eros also claimed to be irritated by Apollo's singing. Daphne prayed to the river god Peneus to help her. He changed her into a laurel tree, which later became sacred to Apollo (see Apollo and Daphne). According to Hellanicus, Peneus was the father of Iphis, mother of Salmoneus by Aeolus the son of Hellen.[17]

References
  1. Hesiod, Theogony, 343
  2. Diodorus Siculus, Library of History, 4. 69. 1
  3. Pindar, Pythian Ode 9
  4. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1. 28
  5. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.452
  6. Hyginus, Fabulae 203
  7. Hyginus, Fabulae 161
  8. Virgil Georgics 4. 320
  9. Pausanias 10.7.8
  10. Statius Thebaid 4.289
  11. Nonnus Dionysiaca 42. 386
  12. Stephanus of Byzantium s. v. Atrax
  13. Pausanias, Description of Greece 9. 34. 6
  14. Stephanus of Byzantium s. v. Trikkē
  15. Scholia on Euripides, Phoenician Women, 133
  16. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.456-462
  17. Hellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium, 208 (p. 376)


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