Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg

Full name
	German: Peter Friedrich Ludwig

Peter I
Peter I
Grand Duke of Oldenburg
Reign	2 July 1823 to 21 May 1829
Predecessor	William I
Successor	Augustus I
Born	17 January 1755; Riesenburg
Died	21 May 1829 (aged 74); Wiesbaden
Burial	Ducal Mausoleum, Gertrudenfriedhof, Oldenburg
Spouse	Duchess Frederica of Württemberg
Issue	Augustus I; Duke George
Full name
	German: Peter Friedrich Ludwig
House	House of Holstein-Gottorp
Father	Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp
Mother	Princess Sophie Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
Religion	Lutheranism

Peter I or Peter Frederick Louis of Holstein-Gottorp (German: Peter Friedrich Ludwig von Holstein-Gottorp) (17 January 1755 – 21 May 1829) was the Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin William I from 1785 to 1823, and then served himself as Duke from 1823 to 1829.

He also served from 1785 to 1803 as the last Lutheran Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, until that Prince-Bishopric was secularized and joined to Oldenburg. His son, Augustus, was the first Duke of Oldenburg to use the style of Grand Duke that was granted in 1815.[1]

Early life

Peter Frederick Louis was born on 17 January 1755 at Riesenburg, Prussia. He was the only surviving son of Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp and Sophie Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck.[2]

Marriage and family

Duke August and Duke Georg of Oldenburg, 1790s.

On 6 June 1781, he married Duchess Frederica of Württemberg, the second daughter of Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg and his wife, Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt. Frederica's sister, Sophie, was the wife of Crown Prince Paul of Russia (the future Tsar Paul I. Peter and Frederica became the parents of two sons: August (born in 1783) and George (born in 1784).

Fredericka died due to complications from a miscarriage on 24 November 1785 at Vienna, Austria, predeceasing her husband by forty years.

Later life

He was appointed Regent of the Duchy of Oldenburg for his incapacitated cousin Peter Frederick William in 1785.

From 1785 until 1803, he also served as the last Lutheran Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, until that Prince-Bishopric was secularized as the Principality of Lübeck and joined to Oldenburg.

Following the death of Wilhelm in 1823, he himself became reigning Duke of Oldenburg. Although the Duchy of Oldenburg had been elevated to a Grand Duchy in 1815, he refrained from using the title of Grand Duke. His son, Augustus, was the first Duke of Oldenburg to use the style of Grand Duke.[3]

Death and succession

Peter I died on 21 May 1829 in Wiesbaden. He was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum in the Churchyard of Saint Gertrude in Oldenburg.

He was succeeded as Grand Duke of Oldenburg by his eldest son, Paul Friedrich August, the first of the House of Holstein-Gottorp to use the elevated style.

Ancestry and descent

Ancestry

Ancestors of Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg[4]

16. Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (=#22)

8. Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp

17. Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony (=#23)

4. Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin

18. Frederick III of Denmark

9. Princess Frederica Amalia of Denmark

19. Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg

2. Prince George Louis of Holstein-Gottorp

20. Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

10. Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach

21. Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken

5. Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach

22. Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (=#16)

11. Princess Augusta Marie of Holstein-Gottorp

23. Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony (=#17)

1. Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg

24. August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

12. Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

25. Countess Marie Sibylle of Nassau-Saarbrücken

6. Frederick William II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

26. Ernest Günther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

13. Princess Louise Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg

27. Princess Auguste of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg

3. Princess Sophie Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck

28. Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna

14. Christopher I, Burgrave and Count of Dohna-Schlodien

29. Sperentia née du Puy de Montbrun

7. Burgravine and Countess Ursula Anna of Dohna-Schlodien-Carwinden

30. Christian Albert, Burgrave and Count of Dohna

15. Burgravine and Countess Friederike Marie of Dohna

31. Sophie Theodore, Countess of Brederode-Vianen

Issue

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Paul Friedrich August, Grand Duke of Oldenburg	13 July 1783	27 February 1853	married firstly Princess Adelheid of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym; had issue, including Amalia of Oldenburg who became Queen consort of Greece; secondly, he married Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym; had issue; thirdly, he married Princess Cecilia of Sweden; had issue.
Duke Georg Peter Friedrich of Oldenburg	9 May 1784	27 December 1812	married Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia; had issue.

References

"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 17 June 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
"Peter I Friedrich Ludwig von Holstein-Gottorp, Grand Duke of Oldenburg". thepeerage.com/. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 17 June 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 80.

External links

Media related to Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg at Wikimedia Commons

Regnal titles
Peter I, Grand Duke of Oldenburg House of Holstein-Gottorp Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg Born: 17 January 1755 Died: 21 May 1829
Preceded by Frederick August I of Oldenburg as Lutheran administrator	Prince-Bishop of Lübeck 1785–1803 (Lutheran administrator)	Secularized
Preceded by William I	Grand Duke of Oldenburg 1823–1829	Succeeded by Augustus I

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[1] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 17 June 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[2] "Peter I Friedrich Ludwig von Holstein-Gottorp, Grand Duke of Oldenburg". thepeerage.com/. Retrieved 21 September 2015.

[3] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 17 June 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[4] Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 80.