Philip Bono

Philip Bono (13 January 1921 – 23 May 1993) was a Douglas Aircraft Company engineer. He was a pioneer of reusable vertical landing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles. As a visionary designer, he is credited with inventing the first version of a recoverable single-stage spacecraft booster,[1] and his contributions influenced spacecraft design.[2]

Philip Bono

Bono pursued single-stage space launch as simpler and cheaper. He realized to do this he would need to use high specific impulse liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engines. Afterwards he proposed to make these vehicles reusable. From his ROOST design onwards Bono advocated space launch vehicles without wings, usually using rocket assisted vertical takeoff and landing (VTVL). According to his estimates, wings consisted mostly of dead weight that decreased launch payload mass. He patented a reusable plug nozzle rocket engine which had dual use as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry. His early 1960s concepts influenced later designs like the 1990s Delta Clipper, also from Douglas.

Birth, education and career

Philip Bono was born in Brooklyn, New York on 13 January 1921.[3] He graduated from the University of Southern California in 1947 with a degree in mechanical engineering.  After graduation, Bono worked as a research and systems analyst for North American Aviation. Bono began working for Douglas Aircraft company in 1960. After the merger of McDonnell Aircraft and the Douglas Aircraft Company, he worked for McDonnell Douglas Astronautics from 1966 until 1988.[1]

Philip Bono died on 23 May 1993 at the age of 72. He was a resident of Costa Mesa, California at the time of his death.[1]

Less than three months after Bono's death, the first launch vehicle based on his designs, the McDonnell Douglas DC-X (Delta Clipper) began a largely successful series of test flights. The DC-X was a vertical-takeoff and vertical landing vehicle. The series of test flights began on 18 August 1993 and continued until the upgraded version of the launch vehicle (renamed the DC-XA) tipped over on landing on July 31, 1996.[4][5]

Among Bono's visionary designs was a 1960 Boeing design for a manned Mars spacecraft capable of carrying a crew of eight.[6]

Designs
ROMBUS
  • One Stage Orbital Space Truck (OOST) [7]
  • Recoverable One Stage Orbital Space Truck (ROOST) [8]
  • Reusable Orbital Module, Booster, and Utility Shuttle (ROMBUS)[9][10]
  • Ithacus[11][12]
  • Pegasus [13]
  • Hyperion [14]
  • SASSTO [15]

Hyperion was HTVL, the others VTVL.

Bibliography

Bono, Philip; Gatland, Kenneth William (1969). Frontiers of Space. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-7137-3504-X.

Patents

References
  1. Hernandez, Greg. "Philip Bono, Reusable Rocket Booster's Designer, Dies at 72." Los Angeles Times. 27 May 1993. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
  2. San Diego Air and Space Museum Library and Archives. "Descriptive Finding Guide for the Philip Bono Personal Papers (SDASM.SC.10166)" (PDF). Online Archive of California. p. 2. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  3. Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2002.
  4. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/pao/History/x-33/dcxtests.html
  5. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/x-33/dc-xa.htm
  6. Portree, David S. (8 October 2012). "Dyna-Soar's Martian Cousin: Bono's Mars Glider (1960)". Wired Magazine. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
  7. Wade, Mark. "OOST". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2011-10-04.
  8. ROOST Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  9. Bono, Philip (June 1963). "ROMBUS - An Integrated Systems Concept for a Reusable Orbital Module/Booster And Utility Shuttle". AIAA (AIAA-1963-271). Archived from the original on 2008-12-16.
  10. Rombus Archived 2008-06-11 at the Wayback Machine
  11. Bono, Philip (June 1963). ""Ithacus" — a new concept of inter-continental ballistic transport (ICBT)". AIAA (AIAA-1964-280). Archived from the original on 2008-12-16.
  12. "Ithacus". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2013-11-22.
  13. Pegasus VTOVL Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  14. Hyperion SSTO
  15. SASSTO Archived 2008-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
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