Pittsburgh Bureau of Emergency Medical Services (PEMS)

The Pittsburgh Bureau of EMS (PEMS) provides emergency medical services and medically directed rescue for the City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is a bureau of the Department of Public Safety, along with the Bureaus of Police, Administration, Fire, and Animal Care and Control, the department is responsible for 55.5 square miles (144 km2) with a population of 305,841 as of the 2013 Census estimation. The Bureau was the founded in 1975 by the then current city administration, absorbing Freedom House Ambulance. The Bureau of Emergency Medical Services is also the first EMS agency in the United States. Pittsburgh in addition to the birthplace of prehospital care, is one of few cities in the United States where the City fire service strictly provides fire suppression and prevention, not rescue services, which were picked up by PEMS at its founding in 1975.


Pittsburgh Bureau of Emergency Medical Services
Seal of the Pittsburgh Bureau of EMS
"The Best Care Anywhere"
Operational area
Country United States
State Pennsylvania
City Pittsburgh
Agency overview
EstablishedOctober 15, 1975 (1975-10-15)
Employees211 (2019)[1]
  • Uniformed Providers: 209
  • Civilian staff: 2
Annual budget$22,910,271 2019[2]
StaffingCareer
Bureau ChiefRonald Romano
EMS levelALS/BLS
Facilities and equipment
Divisions3
Stations/Facilities16
ALS Medic Units
    • 13 - normal staffing (scheduled 24/7)
    • 11 - reserve/emergency
BLS Ambulances
    • 3 - normal staffing (scheduled 24/7)
    • 2 - reserve/emergency
HAZMAT1
Heavy Rescue3
Special/Technical Rescues3
River Rescue boats4
Other boats (inflatables)5
Hovercraft1
TEMS Units2
Infectious Disease response3
Swift Water/Flood Response units4
ALS Motorcycles4
Bicycle units4
Mass Casualty Unit1
ATV/Carts4
Prehospital Physician response3
Website
Official website
Union website (FAPP)

Pittsburgh EMS provides medically directed technical, tactical, and heavy rescue services for the City.

History

Prior to any formal prehospital care system in the City, and the nation, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Police and local funeral homes provided "scoop and run" transportation services, entirely lacking any form of today's medical care, simply the 'run' portion. The PBP commonly utilized their "paddy waggons" due to their versatility, and the funeral homes doubled hearses as ambulances to transport the sick and dying to the hospital, and more than likely, later to the funeral home. In 1968, Freedom House Ambulance was born out of an existing organization, Freedom House Enterprises, a nonprofit dedicated to establishing and supporting black-run businesses in the city. Freedom House Ambulance provided emergency care and some rescue services[3] in the City's Hill District and other predominantly black neighborhoods, as the police already covered responses to the rest of the city, being the mostly white and affluent communities. The, at the time "crazy" dreams of an anesthesiologist, the passion of a philanthropic board member and the unwavering dedication of a med-school fellow would catapult Pittsburgh and Freedom House to the world stage, whether they knew it or not. The work of Drs. Peter Safar, Nancy Caroline, Ron Stewart and Paul Paris and of Phil Hallen, President of the Maurice Falk Foundation soon lead to an operation the likes of which the world had never seen; Saving countless lives on The Hill and elsewhere, employing young black people and combating racism. Before its demise, Freedom House would eventually become a shining example of prehospital care, and the use of paramedics in the field for the rest of the nation and eventually the world to follow.[3][4] Unfortunately due to the success of Freedom House, in 1975 Mayor Pete Flaherty decided terminate funding, essentially gutting the operation and to found a city-wide EMS agency, funded and overseen by the City. Due to the strong beliefs and urgings of Freedom House's Medical Director, Dr. Nancy Caroline, the mayor's administration was to hire the entirety of Freedom House's clinical and operational staff, both paramedics and dispatchers, which Dr. Caroline managed to strong-arm the City into as she was the only qualified individual in the region, if not the country, to hold the position of Medical Director for the new City agency, and was certainly the only physician interested. Unfortunately Mayor Flaherty's administration had only agreed to hire Freedom House's employees, all of which were black, not to retain them. Through unfair practices and other methods the original Freedom House crews were almost entirely weeded out of the brand new City operation. Only about 4 to 8 Freedom House medics are believed to have remained on staff with Pittsburgh EMS for more than 10 years, one of which eventually retired as Assistant Chief, and the first black person to hold that rank.

On the 15th of October 1975, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Emergency Medical Services began coverage and delivery of prehospital care and rescue services to the City of Pittsburgh.[3]

Organization

Like many public safety agencies, the Bureau of EMS is separated into divisions. The three divisions within the Bureau are the Ambulance Division, Rescue Division and the Training Division, each of which are commanded by a Division Chief.

Ambulance Division

The Ambulance Division consists of the City's 13 frontline medic units (staffed by 2 paramedics), three frontline ambulances (staffed by 2 EMT's) and is responsible for answering calls for medical assistance within the city limits. In response to the COVID-19 (CoronaVirus) crisis, the division has coordinated with Training and the Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Unit (created during the Ebola outbreak in 2014 and dubbed the 'ECHO' Team due to the E in epidemiology and the citywide unit identification system) to stand up Infectious Disease units, referred to as ECHO Units. This has been taking place since March of 2020 and has become a frontline unit with full paramedic staffing in one or two response vehicles and an infectious disease transport unit.

Rescue Division

The Rescue Division consists of the City's 2 frontline rescue trucks, fully equipped with heavy rescue equipment of every facet and also equipped with a full complement of Advanced Life Support (ALS) equipment, they are stationed with medic units and are staffed by three Rescue Paramedics. The Rescue Division is responsible for answering calls for medical and/or rescue assistance within the city limits, from possible jumper/suicide/psych details to automotive or boat collisions to hazardous materials responses. To respond to these requests for service, the Division uses many resources and specialty units available such as some of the following: River Rescue, Hazmat Team, TEMS Medics, Swiftwater Rescue and Flood Response units, and staff contribution to the regional or federal US&R and DMAT units.

Training Division

The Training Division is overseen by the Patient Care Coordinator who also typically holds the rank of Division Chief. The Training Division provides all annual training requirements for the Bureau's personnel, including but not limited to AHA ACLS, PALS and NRP, NREMT clinical care requirements, PHTLS and AMLS. The division also provides quarterly trainings for all providers typically consisting of "in-service" classes for the future implementation of new treatment modalities, rescue medicine training, clinical quality insurance training and occasional lectures from any of the City's medical directors. The Training Division office, located in the Strip District, also coordinates or provides the training required for the Bureau's specialty units, whether coordinating with the other DPS Bureaus or outside entities.

The Division Chief responsible for Training, is also responsible for Special Events and Emergency Preparedness. The Division Chief coordinates with the City's Special Event Office of the DPS Administration Bureau to provide ALS coverage for all permitted events within the city limits. This can include staffing venues such as PNC Park and Heinz Field, homes to the Pittsburgh Pirates and Steelers respectively, covering the Pittsburgh Marathon and many 5K and 10K races around Pittsburgh (including the nationally recognized Richard S. Caliguiri City of Pittsburgh Great Race),[5] and the annual regatta. To facilitate these requests the EMS Bureau will sometimes utilize different assets to bring ALS care to the residents and visitors of the City of Pittsburgh including but not limited to ALS equipped motorcycles, bicycles, carts or ATV's, and river boats. In addition to Special Events, the Division Chief also coordinates disaster and MCI planning with the Office of Emergency Management.

Units and Stations

Below is a complete listing of all units and coverage areas in the City of Pittsburgh.

Station Location Medic Unit Neighborhood(s) Other Units Zone

(Inside or outside of rivers)

M1/11 Homewood Medic 1 Homewood North

Homewood West

Larimer

Lincoln-Lemmington-Belmar

East Liberty

Highland Park

Bakery Square

Medic 11 Inside
M2 Knoxville Medic 2 Knoxville

Bon Air

Carrick

Brookline

Overbrook

Saint Clair

Mount Oliver

Mount Oliver (Mt. Oliver Borough, PA)

Ambulance 47

Rescue 4 (Dive Truck)

Outside
M3 West End Medic 3 West End

Beechview

Elliott

Sheraden

Chartiers City

Mount Washington

Crafton Heights

Duquesne Heights

Windgap

Westwood

Fairywood

Oakwood

East Carnegie

Ridgemont

Banksville

Esplen

South Shore

Brunot Island

Ambulance 46

PBP Zone 6

Outside
M4 Fineview Medic 4 Fineview

Northview Heights

Spring Hill-City View

Spring Garden

Perry North

Perry South

Allegheny Center

Allegheny West

East Allegheny

Central North Side

North Shore

Troy Hill

Summer Hill

Medic 15 (Stocked spare)

Medic 33 & 34 (Special event trucks)

Outside
M5 Terrace Village Medic 5 Terrace Village

North Oakland

South Oakland

West Oakland

Central Oakland

Upper Hill

Middle Hill

Crawford-Roberts

Bedford Dwellings

Strip District

PBF 10 Engine Inside
M6 Garfield Medic 6 Garfield

Bloomfield

Upper Lawrenceville

Lower Lawrenceville

Central Lawrenceville

Friendship

Stanton Heights

Morningside

Herr's Island

Strip District

Ambulance 45

Medic 35 & 36 (Special event trucks)

EMS Cart

Inside
M7 Greenfield Medic 7 Greenfield

Hazelwood

Swisshelm Park

Regent Square

Squirrel Hill North

Squirrel Hill South

PBF 12 Engine Inside
M8 Allentown Medic 8 Allentown

Beltzhoover

South Side Slopes

South Side Flats

South Side

Arlington

Arlington Heights

Outside
M9 Shadyside Medic 9 Shadyside

North Oakland

Strip District

Polish Hill

Upper Hill

Squirrel Hill North

Rescue 1

Ambulance 48 (Stocked spare)

Hazmat 1 (OEM Hazmat asset)

Inside
M10 Marshall-Shadeland Medic 10 Marshall-Shadeland

Brighton Heights

Perry North

Perry South

California-Kirkbride

Manchester

Chateau

Medic 24 (TEMS truck)

TacMed 1 (TEMS truck)

Medic Cycles

Outside
M1/11 Homewood Medic 11 Homewood South

Point Breeze

Point Breeze North

Squirrel Hill North

East Hills

Shadyside

Medic 1 Inside
M12 Hays Medic 12 Hays

Hazelwood

Glen Hazel

New Homestead

Lincoln Place

PBF 20 Engine Outside
M14 Downtown Medic 14 Central Business District (Downtown)

Bluff (Uptown)

South Shore

Rescue 2

Medic 38 (Stocked spare/event truck)

Outside
M9 Shadyside Rescue 1 Inside of the rivers Medic 9

Ambulance 48 (Stocked spare)

Hazmat 1 (OEM asset)

Inside
M14 Downtown Rescue 2 Outside of the rivers Medic 14

Medic 38 (Stocked spare/event truck)

Outside
RR North Shore River Rescue Allegheny, Monongahela, Ohio Rivers River Rescue 5221, 5222, 5223, 5224

Flood Response 5

Outside
HQ Shadyside EMS Office Citywide Administrative Services Official 5

Units 50, 51, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505

EMS Communications

Rescue 5 (Trench Rescue/Collapse truck)

MCU 1

Supply

Supply Car

Mail Car

Citywide
HQ Shadyside EMS Communications Citywide Administration

Rescue 5 (Trench Rescue/Collapse truck)

MCU 1

Supply

Supply Car

Mail Car

Inside
Strip District EMS Training Training Services Medic 16 & 17 (Stocked spares)

Medic 31 & 32 (Special Event trucks)

Swiftwater Response 1 & 2

Specialty Units

River Rescue

Pittsburgh EMS contributes to the City's joint EMS and Police River Rescue unit, which is staffed by two PEMS Paramedic/Public Safety Rescue Divers, and a PBP Officer/Helmsman. River Rescue operates a multitude of equipment including a new river boat recently delivered (2020) from Lake Assault Boats out of Michigan, two Boston Whalers, a fan boat that allows River Rescue to operate in and above ice in the winter, and a plethora of inflatable craft, some of which are stored on the Bureau's rescue trucks. Out of the water the Rescue Division operates a dive rescue truck that is used to aid River Rescue with prolonged river dive operations, or transport divers from their station in PNC Park to water rescue/recovery details not accessible from the rivers. River Rescue responds to request for service on the three rivers with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission and the United States Coast Guard. River Rescue as a joint DPS asset with Police and EMS allows River Rescue to provide a police presence on the water in the region, as well as to the Port of Pittsburgh, the nation's second largest inland port. Upon assignment to River Rescue, the paramedic divers complete an extremely rigorous initial training, as well as vast hours of refresher training throughout the year, in both the classroom and under the water. River Rescue also boats the only ALS Licensed boats in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.[6]

US&R/DMAT

Another asset assigned to the Rescue Division is the Bureau's trench rescue truck, which is carries additional equipment for trench rescue and structural collapse to be used in addition to the equipment from the first arriving rescue truck. Many personnel from any division are members of the FEMA or NDMS units that are based out of the region.

Hazmat

Yet another joint City unit that the division participates in is the Hazmat team, of which the EMS Bureau houses the City Hazmat truck and supplies the team with all of its Paramedic/Hazardous Materials Technicians. As Hazmat is a joint DPS operation, all of the Hazmat units being owned by the Office of Emergency Management, with personnel contribution from the Police and Fire Bureaus as well.

Flood Response and Swiftwater Rescue

Back on the water, the Rescue Division responds to all water rescue details within the city limits, when off of the three rivers, with Swift Water Rescue assets. At the request of the Director of Public Safety, all three Bureaus, EMS, Police and Fire have flood response units which are composed of Bureau personnel trained to the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Swift Water Rescue Operations level. Above the Operations level, the Bureau of EMS provides Swift Water Rescue units staffed with Paramedic/SWR Technicians, trained to Fish and Boat's Technician level. All River Rescue divers complete their Fish and Boat Commission SWR training when they attend their initial dive training.

Tactical Emergency Medical Services (TEMS)/SWAT Paramedics

The EMS Bureau contributes Tactical Paramedics to the Bureau of Police's SWAT Team. These TEMS paramedics are members of the SWAT Team, selected by the SDD after completion of the PBP's rigorous SWAT qualifying course, that have completed their additional tactical training, firearms qualifications and additional trauma care training. The SWAT Team has its own medical director that permits its members to provide advanced high-quality care under fire, and is an elite group of personnel that serve proudly on the PBP SWAT Team.

Cycle Unit

The PEMS Cycle Unit operates four Harley Davidson Super Glide motorcycles. Paramedics that successfully bid the Cycle Unit complete and initial 80 hour training program with the PBP Motor Unit. All Cycle paramedics complete an annual 40 hour safety refresher also hosted by and completed with the Police Motor Unit. These assets are typically utilized for coverage of special events throughout the City including but not limited to Heinz Field football games, races and the annual regatta.

Rank structure

There are many ranks that a provider can hold within Pittsburgh EMS. Recruits graduate from the Training Division after approximately three and a half months (or sometimes more) of training in operational policies, procedures and standards of care. Before training can be completed, recruits are assigned to units throughout the city for two months on "Field Training Officer"(FTO) time, where the recruits ride with an FTO and their partner for the month while the Training Division receives a performance evaluation. For the first 6 months of their careers, they are designated as "Probationary Employees", or more informally, "rookies". Paramedic grades 1 through 5, a pay grade being achieved for each year of service after probation up to five years. After two years of service in rank, an employee the rank of Paramedic is eligible to sit for the Crew Chief's exam, similar to that of a Sargeant's or Lieutenant's exam, which is administered by HR and the Civil Service. Promotions above the rank of Crew Chief are done through an interview and selection process, where the final succeeding candidate is promoted at the Director of Public Safety. The highest ranking official is the EMS Bureau's Chief followed by the rest of his/her command staff. See table below.

Title Insignia Sleeve stripes Badge color
Chief One bold gold stripe Gold
Deputy Chief
Assistant Chief
Division Chief
District Chief
Crew Chief Two thin gold stripes
Paramedic (PM1-5) None One strip - black braid Silver
Seinor EMT None Gold
EMT Silver

References

  1. "Operating Budgets | pittsburghpa.gov". pittsburghpa.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  2. "Operating Budgets | pittsburghpa.gov". pittsburghpa.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  3. "The First Responders". The Atavist Magazine (in Norwegian). 2019-06-25. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  4. "Birth of EMS: The History of the Paramedic". JEMS. 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  5. "Operating Budgets | pittsburghpa.gov". pittsburghpa.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  6. Taxel, Simon; NREMT-P (2017-11-02). "Pittsburgh River Rescue". JEMS. Retrieved 2020-12-23.
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