Project stakeholder

According to the Project Management Institute (PMI), the term project stakeholder refers to, "an individual, group, or organization, who may affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision, activity, or outcome of a project."[1] ISO 21500 uses a similar definition.

Project stakeholders are entities that have an interest in a given project. These stakeholders may be inside or outside an organization which:

  1. sponsor a project, or
  2. have an interest or a gain upon a successful completion of a project;
  3. may have a positive or negative influence in the project completion.

The following are examples of project stakeholders:

  • Project leader
  • Senior management
  • Project team members
  • Project customer
  • Resource Managers
  • Line Managers
  • Product user group
  • Project testers
  • Any group impacted by the project as it progresses
  • Any group impacted by the project when it is completed
  • Subcontractors to the project
  • Consultants to the project

Rather than focusing on one subset of stakeholders, Lynda Bourne[2] advocates prioritizing all stakeholders and focusing your attention on the "most important" at this point in time. Her view of importance encompasses an assessment of the power, proximity and urgency associated with each stakeholder. She calls her methodology a "Stakeholder Circle".[3]

The rationale for this emphasis on decision makers is part of project stakeholder management and a key component in affecting change in an organization. John Kotter describes stakeholder analysis and stakeholder management as essential components of change management.[4]

See also

Citations
  1. A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK guide). Project Management Body of Knowledge (Fifth ed.). Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. 6 September 2017. p. 589. ISBN 978-1-62825-390-0. OCLC 995162610.CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. Stakeholder Relationship Management
  3. Bourne, Lynda. Project Relationship Management and the Stakeholder Circle (PDF) (Thesis).
  4. Yvette (28 November 2011). "Applying Kotter's Change Management Principles to Project Management". Change Leadership Network. Archived from the original on 13 July 2015.

References
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