Puwa River

The Puwa River (or Puwa Khola) is a river in Nepal. It is a right tributary of the Mai Khola.

Puwa River
Puwa Khola, Ilam District
Native namePuwa Khola  (Nepali)
Physical characteristics
MouthMai Khola
 • coordinates
26.859383°N 87.912407°E / 26.859383; 87.912407

Location

The Puwa Khola is a tributary of the Mai Khola, and lies entirely within Ilam District.[1] A 1994 environmental impact study of the Ilam hydroelectric project found 14 species of fish in the Puwa Khola.[2]

Farming

The Geya Danda Irrigation System uses water from the Puwa Khola to irrigate 125 hectares (310 acres) in Puwajung, Ilam Municipality-5, Ilam District, just above the river's confluence with the Mai Khola.[1] The 6.2 MW Puwa Khola hydro electrical project is about 500 metres (1,600 ft) above the irrigation system. Access road construction has damaged some of the farmland, and about 250 liters per second (3,300 imp gal/min) of water is diverted to the power station.[3] The diverted water flows along a 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) headrace tunnel and then a 990 metres (3,250 ft) penstock pipe to the power station, which discharges it into the left bank of the Mai Khola.[4] This leaves very little irrigation water in the dry season.[3]

Hydroelectricity

There are four hydroelectric plants along the river.[5]

ProjectPowerStatusCommissioned
Puwa Khola-1 Small Hydropower Plant4 MWLive2017-10-09
Puwa II Hydropower Project4.96 MWConstruction
Puwa Khola Hydropower Station6.2 MWLive2004-04-04
Upper Puwa-1 Hydropower Project3 MWLive2015-01-16

Notes
    1. Sewanta Kattel 2006, p. 1.
    2. Rajbanshi 2002, p. 229.
    3. Sewanta Kattel 2006, p. 4.
    4. Hirakaji Ghale 2005, pp. 3-4.
    5. Puwa Khola PEI.

    Sources
    • Hirakaji Ghale (September 2005), Independent Evaluation of Mai River Area Water Partnership (AWP) (PDF), Min Bhawan, Kathmandu: Consolidated Management Services Nepal (CMS), retrieved 2020-12-02
    • "Puwa Khola", Nepal Water Resource Portal, PEI: Policy Entrepreneurs Incorporated, retrieved 2020-12-02
    • Rajbanshi, K. J. (2002), "Zoogeographical distribution and the status of cold water fish in Nepal", Cold Water Fisheries in the Trans-Himalayan Countries, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ISBN 978-92-5-104807-8, retrieved 2 December 2020
    • Sewanta Kattel (December 2006), "Dispute Management in Farmer's Managed Irrigation System: A Case Study of Geya Danda Irrigation System of Eastern Nepal", Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 1, doi:10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.277, retrieved 2020-12-02
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