Queen Sunwon

Queen Sunwon (순원왕후 김씨, 8 June 1789 – 21 September 1857) also known as Queen Dowager Myeonggyeong (명경왕대비) was a Queen consort of Korea as the spouse of Sunjo of Joseon. She served as regent of Korea from 1834–1841 and from 1849–1852.

Queen Sunwon
순원왕후
Queen Regent of Joseon
Regency1834 – 1841
1849 – 1852
PredecessorQueen Jeongsun
SuccessorQueen Shinjeong
MonarchKing Heonjong of Joseon
King Cheoljong of Joseon
Grand Queen Dowager of Joseon
Tenure1834 – 1857
PredecessorQueen Jeongsun
SuccessorQueen Sinjeong
Queen Dowager of Joseon
Tenure1834
PredecessorQueen Hyoui
SuccessorQueen Sinjeong
Queen Consort of Joseon
Tenure1802 – 1834
PredecessorQueen Hyoui
SuccessorQueen Hyohyeon
Born8 June 1789
Yangsaengbang, Kingdom of Joseon
Died21 September 1857 (1857-09-22) (aged 68)
Changdeok Palace Kingdom of Joseon
Burial
Inreung
SpouseKing Sunjo of Joseon
IssueCrown Prince Hyomyeong
Princess Myeongon
Princess Bokon
Princess Deokon
Posthumous name
명경문인광성융희정렬선휘영덕자헌현륜홍화신운수목예성홍정순원왕후
HouseAndong Kim
FatherKim Jo-Sun
MotherLady Cheongyang of the Cheongsong Shim clan

Biography

Queen Sunwon was born on 8 June 1789 into the Andong Kim clan in Yangsaengbang (양생방, 養生坊). She was the first daughter and third child of Kim Jo-sun and his wife, Lady Cheongyang of the Cheongseong Sim clan.

In 1802, she married King Sunjo of Joseon as his first and only queen consort. Her husband died in 1834, and she became regent for her eight-year-old grandson, King Heonjong. Political power in the kingdom remained in the hands of her family, the Andong Kim clan. In 1840, power passed to the family of the monarch's mother (Queen Shinjeong), the Pungyang Jo clan, following the Catholic persecution of 1839. At the death of her grandson in 1849, she again became regent.

Queen Sunwon died at Changdeok Palace on 21 September 1857.

She was posthumously honored as "Empress Sunwonsuk" (순원숙황후).

Family
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Saeng-hae (김생해, 金生海)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Geuk-hyo (김극효, 金克孝) (16 September 1542 - 3 February 1618)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Jeong of the Dongrae Jeong clan (본관: 동래정씨)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Sang-gwan (김상관, 金尙觀)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Gwang-chan (김광찬, 金光燦) (1597 - 24 February 1668)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Kim of the Yeonan Kim clan (본관: 연안 김씨)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Su-hang (김수항, 金壽恒) (1629 - 9 April 1689)
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Na of the Anjeong Na clan (본관: 안정 나씨)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Chang-jib (김창집, 金昌集) (1648 - 2 May 1722)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Park (박씨)
  • Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Je-gyeom (김제겸, 金濟謙)
  • Great-Grandfather
    • Kim Dal-haeng (김달행, 金達行)
  • Grandfather
    • Kim Yi-jong (김이중, 金履中); was a prime minister
  • Grandmother
    • Lady Shin of the Pyeongsan Shin clan (본관: 평산 신씨, 平山 申氏)
  • Father
    • Kim Jo-sun (김조순, 金祖淳) (1765 - 1832)[1][2]
  • Mother
    • Lady Cheongyang of the Cheongseong Sim clan (청양부부인 심씨, 靑陽府夫人 沈氏) (1766 - 1828)
  • Brothers
    • Older brother: Kim Yoo-geun (김유근, 金逌根) (March 1785 - July 1840)
    • Older brother: Kim Won-geun (김원근, 金元根) (1786 - 1832)
    • Younger brother: Kim Jwa-geun (김좌근, 金左根) (1797 - 1869)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Yoon (윤씨, 尹氏)
        • Adoptive nephew: Kim Byeong-gi (김병기, 金炳冀) (1818 - 1875)
          • Adoptive niece-in-law: Lady Nam (남씨, 南氏); Nam Gu-sun’s daughter
          • Adoptive grandnephew: Kim Yong-gyun (김용균, 金用均)
  • Sisters
    • Younger sister: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan; married Nam Gu-sun (남구순, 南久淳)
      • Nephew: Nam Byeong-cheol (남병철, 南秉哲) (1817 - 1863)
      • Niece: Lady Nam (남씨, 南氏)
    • Younger sister: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan; married Lee Gyeom-jae (이겸재, 李謙在)
    • Younger sister: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan; married Lee Geung-woo (이긍우, 李肯愚)
  • Husband
    • King Sunjo (순조, 純祖) (29 July 1790 - 13 December 1834)

Issue

Queen Sunwon bore King Sunjo of Joseon five children, including his eldest (and only surviving) son:

  • Sons
    • Crown Prince Hyomyeong (효명세자) (1809 – 1830)
      • Daughter-in-law: Queen Shinjeong (신정익황후 조씨) (21 January 1809 - 4 June 1890)
        • Grandson: King Heonjong (헌종) (1827 - 1849)
          • Granddaughter-in-law: Queen Hyohyeon of the Andong Kim clan (효현왕후 김씨) (27 April 1828 – 18 October 1843)
          • Granddaughter-in-law: Queen Hyojeong of the Namyang Hong clan (효정왕후 홍씨) (6 March 1831 – 2 January 1904)
    • An unnamed Prince (1820 - 1820); died prematurely
    • Adoptive son: King Cheoljong of Joseon (철종대왕) (25 July 1831 - 16 January 1864)
      • Adoptive daughter-in-law: Queen Cheorin of the Andong Kim clan (철인왕후 김씨) (27 April 1837 – 12 June 1878)
        • Adoptive Grandson: Prince Yi Yung-jun (원자 이융준) (22 November 1858 - 25 May 1859)
  • Daughters
    • Princess Myeongeun (명온공주) (1810 - 1832)
      • Son-in-law: Kim Hyeon-geun (김현근, 金賢根) (1810 - 1868)
        • Unnamed Granddaughter; died prematurely
        • Adoptive grandson: Kim Byeong-chan (김병찬, 金炳瓚)
    • Princess Bokeun (복온공주) (1818 - 1828)
      • Son-in-law: Kim Byeong-ju (김병주, 金炳疇) (1819 - 1853) of the Andong Kim clan (본관: 안동 김씨)
        • Unnamed grandchild
    • Princess Deokeun (덕온공주) (1828 - 1844)
      • Son-in-law: Yun Ui-seon (윤의선, 尹宜善) (? - 1887) of the Haepyeong Yun clan (본관: 해평 윤씨)
        • Adoptive grandson: Yun Yong-gu (윤용구, 尹用求)

References
  1. His nephew, Kim Mun-geun, eventually became the father of Queen Cheorin
  2. His second nephew, Kim Jo-geun, eventually became the father of Queen Hyohyeon
Preceded by
Queen Hyoui		 Queen consort of Korea
1802–1834		 Succeeded by
Queen Hyohyeon
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