Quintus Pedius

Pedius in 57 BC served as a general during Caesar's conquest of Gaul. In 55 BC, he lost an election for the office of aedile.

During the Roman Civil War between Caesar and Pompey in 49 BC, Pedius allied himself with Caesar. In 48 BC, Pedius was promoted to the praetorship in Rome. In that same year, he commanded a legion and successfully quelled an anti-Caesarean uprising at Compsa, resulting in the deaths of both Marcus Caelius Rufus and Titus Annius Milo, who had been leading the ill-fated revolt. In early 45 BC, Pedius served as a legate against Sextus Pompeius in Spain. Pedius claimed victory against Sextus Pompeius and returned to Rome with Caesar, whereupon he received a triumph and the title of proconsul.

When Caesar was assassinated in March 44 BC, Pedius was named one of Caesar's heirs in his will. Like his cousin Lucius Pinarius, he was to receive one eighth of Caesar’s estate, but he renounced the inheritance in favor of Caesar’s main heir, Pedius' cousin Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (the future emperor Augustus). In August 43 BC, Octavian and Pedius were elected as consuls after marching on Rome with an army.

During the consulship, Pedius promulgated a law that became known as the Lex Pedia, or "Pedian Law", punishing all of Caesar's murderers, together with those who had called for his death. Pedius was left in charge of Rome, while Octavian left for Northern Italy to join Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in forming the Second Triumvirate.

The Senate approved of his law. Not long afterwards, the Second Triumvirate was formed at Bononia. When news reached Rome of the new political alliance and of the lists of people whom the triumvirs had marked for death, Pedius became very concerned. Pedius was unable to stop the events from occurring and recommended only seventeen people to be put to death. Out of concern, he pledged to protect the citizens of Rome. Soon afterwards, Pedius had suffered so much political fatigue he died.

Pedius married a Roman noblewoman called Valeria, one of the sisters of the Roman Senator Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus and thus a daughter of Marcus Valerius Messalla Niger and his wife, Polla.[1] Pedius and Valeria had at least one child, a son named Quintus Pedius Publicola. Publicola became a Roman Senator, who distinguished himself with his oratory. Pliny the Elder in his Naturalis Historia mentions that Quintus Pedius had a grandson, also named Quintus Pedius, who was mute, and supposedly deaf, and is notable as being perhaps the earliest example of a deaf individual named in written history.

• Suetonius, The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Caesar
• Ronald Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy
• William Smith, text of Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, v. 3 p. 163
• Addison Hart, Dreams of Empire: The Fall of the Roman Republic, Military History Online