RINEX

In the field of geodesy, Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. This allows the user to post-process the received data to produce a more accurate result — usually with other data unknown to the original receiver, such as better models of the atmospheric conditions at time of measurement.

The final output of a navigation receiver is usually its position, speed or other related physical quantities. However, the calculation of these quantities are based on a series of measurements from one or more satellite constellations. Although receivers calculate positions in real time, in many cases it is interesting to store intermediate measures for later use. RINEX is the standard format that allows the management and disposal of the measures generated by a receiver, as well as their off-line processing by a multitude of applications, whatever the manufacturer of both the receiver and the computer application.

The RINEX format is designed to evolve over time, adapting to new types of measurements and new satellite navigation systems. The first RINEX version was developed by W. Gurtner in 1989[1] and published by W. Gurtner and G. Mader in the CSTG GPS Bulletin of September/October 1990. Since 1993 the RINEX 2 is available, which has been revised and adopted several times. RINEX enables storage of measurements of pseudorange, carrier-phase, Doppler and signal-to-noise from GPS (including GPS modernization signals e.g. L5 and L2C),[2] GLONASS, Galileo, Beidou, along with data from EGNOS and WAAS satellite based augmentation systems (SBAS), QZSS, simultaneously. RINEX version 3.02 was submitted in April 2013 and contain new observation codes[3] from GPS or Galileo systems. The most recent version is RINEX 3.05 from December 2020.[4]

Although not part of the RINEX format, the Hatanaka compression scheme is commonly used to reduced the size of RINEX files, resulting in an ASCII-based CompactRINEX or CRINEX[5] format.[6] It uses higher-order time differences to reduce the number of characters needed to store time data.[7]

References
  1. Teunissen, Peter; Montenbruck, Oliver (2017). Springer Handbook of Global Navigation Satellite Systems. Springer. p. 1209. ISBN 9783319429281. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. Bossler, John D.; Campbell, James B.; McMaster, Robert B.; Rizos, Chris (2010). Manual of Geospatial Science and Technology. CRC Press. p. 231. ISBN 9781420087345. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  3. "RINEX The Receiver Independent Exchange Format Version 3.02, page 38" (PDF). International GNSS Service (IGS). 18 October 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  4. "IGS Releases RINEX 3.05". www.igs.org. International GNSS Service. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  5. El-Rabbany, Ahmed (2006). Introduction to GPS: The Global Positioning System. Artech House. p. 107. ISBN 9781596930162. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  6. "RINEX The Receiver Independent Exchange Format Version 3.04, page 15" (PDF). International GNSS Service. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
  7. Hatanaka, Yuki (2008). "A Compression Format and Tools for GNSS Observation Data" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geographical Survey Institute. 55: 21–30. Retrieved 2020-09-25.
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