Raorchestes glandulosus

Raorchestes glandulosus, also known as glandular bush frog, rough-skinned bush frog, southern bubble-nest frog, and with many other names, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to the Western Ghats, India, and known from the states of Karnataka and Kerala.[2][3]

Raorchestes glandulosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Rhacophoridae
Genus: Raorchestes
Species:
R. glandulosus
Binomial name
Raorchestes glandulosus
(Jerdon, 1853)
Synonyms[2]
  • Ixalis ? glandulosa Jerdon, 1853
  • Ixalus glandulosa – Jerdon, 1870
  • Ixalus glandulosus – Günther, 1876 "1875"
  • Ixalus pulcher Boulenger, 1882
  • Rhacophorus noblei Ahl, 1927
  • Rhacophorus pulcherrimus Ahl, 1927
  • Philautus glandulosus – Roux, 1928
  • Rhacophorus (Philautus) glandulosus – Ahl, 1931
  • Rhacophorus (Philautus) noblei – Ahl, 1931
  • Rhacophorus (Philautus) pulcherrimus – Ahl, 1931
  • Philautus pulcher – Rao, 1937
  • Philautus noblei – Gorham, 1974
  • Philautus pulcherrimus – Gorham, 1974
  • Philautus (Philautus) glandulosus – Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001
  • Pseudophilautus glandulosus – Li et al., 2009
  • Raorchestes glandulosus – Biju et al., 2010

Description

The distinguishing feature of this species, at least among the Raorchestes from the Western Ghats, is its yellow dorsal surface of the forearm and the loreal region. Raorchestes glandulosus are small frogs. Males are 22–27 mm (0.87–1.06 in) in snout-vent length. Among the generally small Raorchestes, this makes them medium-sized. The holotype, now lost, was about 31 mm (1.2 in). The snout is pointed. The dorsum is shagreened. The lateral abdominal area is prominently glandular (hence the specific name glandulosus). Dorsal coloration varies between individuals and environmental conditions between dark green to dark purple or violet. The sides, forelimbs, and the loreal and tympanic regions are yellow. The ventrum is yellow to light yellow.[3]

Habitat

Raorchestes glandulosus is an arboreal species, usually found higher that 4 metres above the ground. It can be found within rainforest but also disturbed habitats such as forest fringes near coffee plantations and gardens.[3] Raorchestes glandulosus is threatened by habitat loss.[1]

References
  1. S.D. Biju; S. Bhupathy; Gajanan Dasaramji Bhuddhe; Bexel Ayyasamy Daniel; Sushil Dutta; S.P. Vijayakumar & Karthikeyan Vasudevan (2004). "Raorchestes glandulosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T58847A11849180. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58847A11849180.en.
  2. Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Raorchestes glandulosus (Jerdon, 1853)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  3. Biju, S. D. & Bossuyt, Franky (2009). "Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (2): 374–444. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x.
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