Rapira

Rapira (Russian: Рапира, rapier) is an educational procedural programming language developed in the Soviet Union and implemented on Agat computer, PDP-11 clones (Electronika, DVK, BK series) and Intel-8080/Z80 clones (Korvet). It was an interpreted language with dynamic type system and high level constructions. The language originally had a Russian-based set of keywords, but English and Moldovan were added later. Also, it was more elegant and easier to use than existing Pascal implementations of the time.

Rapira is also a name for the T-12 antitank gun.

Rapira was used in teaching computer programming in Soviet schools. The programming environment included a text editor and an integrated debugger.

Sample program:

ПРОЦ СТАРТ()
    ВЫВОД: 'Привет, мир!!!'
КОН ПРОЦ

The same, but using the English lexics [sic, from the article referenced below]:

proc start()
     output: 'Hello, world!!!';
end proc

Rapira's ideology was based on such languages as POP-2 and SETL, with strong influences from ALGOL.

Consequently, for example, Rapira implements a very strong, flexible and interesting data structure, so-named 'tuples'. Actually, tuples in Rapira are heterogeneous lists with such allowed operations as indexing, joining, length count, getting of sublist, easy comparison, etc.