Reichsnährstand

The Reichsnährstand (Reich Nutritional Estate) was a government body set up in Nazi Germany to regulate food production.[1]

Reichsnährstand plaque in Schleswig-Holstein

Foundation

The Reichsnährstand was founded by the Reichsnährstandsgesetz (decree) of 13 September 1933;[2] it was led by R. Walther Darré.[3]

Policies and consequences

The Reichsnährstand had legal authority over everyone involved in agricultural production and distribution. It attempted to interfere in the market for agricultural goods, using a complex system of orders, price controls, and prohibitions, through regional marketing associations.[2] Under the “Hereditary Farm Law of 1933” (Reichsnährstandsgesetz), farmers were bound to their land since most agricultural land could not be sold.[4] The law was enacted to protect and preserve Germany's smaller hereditary estates that were no larger than 308 acres. Below that acreage, farmlands could “not be sold, divided, mortgaged or foreclosed on for debt.”[5] Cartel-like marketing boards fixed prices, regulated supplies and oversaw almost every facet in directing agricultural production on farmlands.[6] Besides deciding what seeds and fertilizers were to be applied to farmlands, the Reichsnährstand secured protection from selling foreign food imports inside Germany, and placed a “moratorium on debt payments.”[6]

As the scope and depth of the National Socialists command economy escalated, food production and rural standard of living declined. By autumn of 1936, Germany began to experience critical shortages of food and consumer goods,[7][8] despite the spending of billions of Reichsmarks on price subsidies to farmers.[9] Germans were even subjected to rationing of many major consumer goods, including “produce, butter and other consumables.”[10] Besides food shortages, Germany began to encounter a loss of farm laborers, where up to 440,000 farmers had abandoned agriculture between 1933 and 1939.[11]

The Reichsnährstand's argument that Germany "needed" an additional 7-8 million hectares of farmland, and that consolidation of existing farms would displace many existing farmers who would need to work new land, influenced Hitler's decision to invade the Soviet Union.[12]

See also

References
  1. Lovin, Clifford R. (October 1969). "Agricultural Reorganization in the Third Reich: The Reich Food Corporation (Reichsnahrstand), 1933-1936". Agricultural History. 43:4: 447–461.
  2. Wunderlich, Frieda (May 1938). "GERMANY'S DEFENSE ECONOMY". Quarterly Journal of Economics: 401–430. doi:10.2307/1884084.
  3. "Lexicon: Reichsnahrstand - RNS". Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
  4. Raffael Scheck, Germany, 1871–1945: A Concise History, 2008, p. 167
  5. Adam Young, “Nazism is Socialism,” The Free Market, Sept. 1, 2001
  6. Sheri Berman, The Primacy of Politics: Social Democracy and the Making of Europe’s Twentieth Century, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 146
  7. Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich in Power, New York: NY, Penguin Press, 2005, p. 347
  8. “Wotan’s Nazis: Germans Tighten Belts to Slogan, Guns Instead of Butter,” The Literary Digest, Jan. 2, 1937, p. 12
  9. Götz Aly, Hitler’s Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State, New York: NY, Metropolitan Books, 2007, p. 55.
  10. Richard J. Evans, The Third Reich in Power, New York: NY, Penguin Press, 2005, p. 411
  11. Martin Kitchen, A History of Modern Germany 1800-2000, Malden, MA, Oxford, UK, Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 2006, p. 287
  12. "Food and warfare: Marching on their stomachs". The Economist. 3 February 2011. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
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