Return of premium life insurance
Return of premium (ROP) is a type of life insurance policy that returns the premiums paid for coverage if the insured party survives the policy's term, or includes a portion of the premiums paid to the beneficiary upon the death of the insured.[1] For example, a $1,000,000 policy bought for $10,000 a year over a 30-year period would result in $300,000 being refunded to the surviving policyholder at the end of the 30 years.
Tax implications
"Return of premium" is a perhaps intentional renaming/misnaming of the Internal Revenue Code provision for non-taxation of "return of principal", as returns of principal are not taxed, because these were your principal in the first place.
On one's 1040 for the tax year in which a "return of premium"/"return of principal" occurred, the amount on the 1099 would be shown on a line item basis as an income and again as a deduction, stating "ROP" or "Return of principal" on the itemized deduction, for a net income of zero.
Use as an investment
If a return of premium policy is viewed as an investment, rates of return are calculated based on the incremental cost above the cost of regular term insurance. A sampling of policies found returns in the range of 2.5 to 9 percent.[1]
Critics point to the rate of return being less than in a typical investment, obviously before the insured's death, the extra cost of the policy compared to basic term life insurance policies and that, if the policy is canceled at any time, no money is refunded.
Many term life policies do allow prorated refunds at some point during the life of the policy, during the insured's lifetime, although such refund is usually "short rated", that is, it is significantly less than the imputed value of the refund if calculated using conventional tables, using the rate of return specified in the insurance contract. In some instances, where a contracted rate of return was 5.0 percent, the "short rate" proved to be 3.5 percent, but this fact was seldom, if ever, disclosed to the insured during the agent's "sales pitch".
Use in divorce
A return of premium policy might be used after a divorce in which the divorce decree either requires each spouse to purchase life insurance on the other spouse or for the spouse that is paying for alimony or child support to buy life insurance on themselves for a period of time to compensate the surviving party for the loss of alimony or child support.
When a party who is covered by any life insurance policy lives past the term of the insurance, the premiums paid for the traditional term policy are considered spent money for the "risk" that never occurred. By using a return of premium term life insurance policy, the insurance company would return all premiums to the party who paid for the policy. This is considered a reimbursed expense and is not taxable in the United States.
References
- Wiener, Leonard (17 October 2004). "Getting a payback : Return-of-premium term life insurance policies reward you for staying alive". usnews.com. US News and World Report. Retrieved May 21, 2011.