Royal Canberra Hospital implosion

The Royal Canberra Hospital implosion was a failed building implosion that killed one person and injured nine others. The implosion occurred on 13 July 1997, when the city's superseded hospital buildings at Acton Peninsula on Lake Burley Griffin (that formerly constituted the Royal Canberra Hospital) were demolished to make way for the National Museum of Australia.

Background

The Royal Canberra Hospital closed on 27 November 1991 amid much controversy. Consultant physician Marcus de Laune Faunce wrote: "Towards the end of 1990 many Canberra citizens were either bewildered, angered or saddened as they realised that the Royal Canberra Hospital on Acton Peninsula was soon to be closed. Its staffing structure and organisation were thought to have been planned in step with population needs and the hospital was firmly and warmly placed in the memories and affections of many people. Its beautiful, central position on the lake had been marked by Walter Burley Griffin on his original plan. After its formative years, it served Canberra for more than three decades as a first-class hospital staffed by hard-working, skilled and caring health workers. With its magnificent site and proximity to the Australian National University it had enormous potential as a future teaching hospital reflecting the best of Australian medical services."[1]

Implosion
Memorial to Katie Bender, killed by the debris from the implosion

In April 1995 the Keating Government agreed in principle with the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Government to exchange certain sites of land within the ACT to facilitate the building of the National Museum. In July 1995 a feasibility study was undertaken for the demolition and clearance of the buildings on Acton Peninsula. On 4 August 1995 the ACT Cabinet approved a submission recommending the implosion method of demolition. On Friday 13 December 1996 the Prime Minister, John Howard, announced the design work on Acton Peninsula for the National Museum would begin immediately. The next day, a fence was erected around the site.[2]

The demolition had been planned for some time, and the ACT Government decided to turn the building implosion into a spectator event. Over 100,000 people, one of the largest crowds in Canberra's history, came out to bid farewell to the birthplace of many Canberra residents.[2]

However, the implosion of the Royal Canberra Hospital was a failure. The main building did not fully disintegrate and had to be later manually demolished. But far worse, the explosion was not contained on the site and large pieces of debris were projected towards spectators situated 500 metres away on the opposite side of the Lake, in a location that nobody considered unsafe or inappropriate. A twelve-year-old girl, Katie Bender, was killed instantly,[3] and nine other people were injured. Large fragments of masonry and metal were found 650 metres from the demolition site.

Aftermath

The ACT Government led by Kate Carnell came in for sustained criticism,[4][5] and a number of official inquiries were held. Many people complained the event should never have been made a public spectacle, as this was inviting disaster.[4] Other people felt that this was unfair, as implosions around the world generally excited local interest and had an enviable safety record. The Chief Minister did give her full approval to promote the implosion as a public event, drawing a near-record Canberra crowd.[6]

ACT Work Cover is the authority responsible for administering, implementing and enforcing legislation in the Australian Capital Territory covering occupational health and safety (OH&S), workers' compensation, dangerous substances and labour regulation. The coroner found that the authority did not follow established safety processes. It failed to ensure that the explosive workplan required by the ACT Demolition Code of Practice was met. It also failed to scrutinise departures from the original demolition workplans and to issue appropriate prohibition notices in accordance with the OH&S Act to ensure the methodology was safe, not only to the workplace employees but also to the public.[7]

Since the hospital demolition, the ACT Government has carried out 2 bridge implosions in secret, as part of the Gungahlin Drive Extension project. The first one was carried out with a surprise disruption to traffic in the middle of a weekday, and the second one was carried at an early hour of a Saturday morning with a 1 km exclusion zone, with no prior notice given to the public.[8]

The implosions were featured in news reel footage in the film Joe Cinque's Consolation (2016).

References
  1. Faunce, Marcus de Laune (1994). "Closure of the Royal Canberra Hospital". In Proust, AJ (ed.). History of medicine in Canberra and Queanbeyan and their hospitals. Gundaroo: Brolga Press. pp. 236–237. ISBN 9781875495122.
  2. Madden (ACT Coroner), Shane G. (1999). "General Chronology and Overview". The Bender Coronial Decision. ACT Magistrates Court and Tribunals (Coroner's Court). Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
  3. Gorrey, Megan (13 July 2014). "Katie Bender remembered 17 years after Canberra hospital implosion". Canberra Times. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  4. Madden (ACT Coroner), Shane G. (1999). "The public event – an issue of public safety". The Bender Coronial Decision. ACT Magistrates Court and Tribunals (Coroner's Court). Archived from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
  5. Reynolds, Fiona (5 November 1999). "Increasing pressure on ACT Chief Minister". AM (ABC Radio) Archive. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 7 March 2007.
  6. Madden, Shane G. (1999). "The Public Event – An Issue of Public Safety" (PDF). INQUEST FINDINGS, COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS into the death of Katie Bender on Sunday, 13th July 1997 on the Demolition of the Royal Canberra Hospital Acton Peninsula, ACT. Canberra: ACT Coroner. p. 18. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
  7. Yates, Athol (2001). "The nexus between regulation enforcement and catastrophic engineering failures" (pdf). The Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2001 Conference. Institution of Engineers Australia. Retrieved 8 March 2007.
  8. Andrews, Louis (14 November 2010). "Early morning blast fells unused Glenloch bridge". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 2 November 2011.

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