Rubus fruticosus

Rubus fruticosus L. is the ambiguous name of a European blackberry species in the genus Rubus in the rose family. The name has been interpreted in several ways:

  • The species represented by the type specimen of Rubus fruticosus L., which is also the type specimen of the genus Rubus.[1] This specimen is considered to match the species R. plicatus, in Rubus subgenus Rubus, section Rubus.[2][3]
  • Various species consistent with Linnaeus' original description of the species, which was based on a mixture of specimens now considered to match Rubus ulmifolius and R. plicatus
  • a species aggregate (group of similar species) Rubus fruticosus agg. (a nomen ambiguum) that includes most (or rarely all) of a group called Rubus subgenus Rubus[3] (or less often: Rubus section Rubus [sensu latissimo] [4][5]):
    • in a narrow sense, sometimes separated as the section Glandulosus (alternative name: subsection Hiemales), with about 289 microspecies.[3] In this sense the species aggregate does not include the type of the genus Rubus.
    • in a broad sense: (1) (i) sections Glandulosus and Rubus [sensu stricto] (in non-British systems, these two sections are classified together as section Rubus [sensu lato], section Glandulosus being called subsection Hiemales and section Rubus [sensu stricto] being called subsection Rubus) [6][5][7] or (ii) "most of" these sections;[8] or (2) sections Glandulosus, Rubus [sensu stricto] and Corylifolii.[3] Section Rubus [sensu stricto] (about 20 microspecies) are probably hybrids involving members of section Glandulosus with either R. idaeus or R. allegheniensis.[3] Section Corylifolii (about 24 microspecies) are probably hybrids involving members of section Glandulosus with R. caesius.[3]
    • even more broadly, including all the taxa in the subgenus Rubus[5][9]
Black Butte is a new blackberry release by ARS scientists in Corvallis, Oregon. Fruit averages one inch in diameter, and two inches long. It weighs almost twice as much as other varieties of fresh blackberries.

As used by various authors

Apart from the established meaning of Rubus fruticosus L. as R. plicatus, the name R. fruticosus has been incorrectly applied to several species, including:

  • Rubus fructicosus Weihe & Nees, Rubi Germ. 24, 1822 -> Rubus montanus Lib. ex Lej., Fl. Spa 2: 317, 1813 (or part of Rubus montanus) [10][11]
  • Rubus fruticosus G.N.Jones -> Rubus vestitus Weihe [12]
  • Rubus fruticosus L. ex Dierb. -> Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees [12]
  • Rubus fruticosus Lour. -> Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt.[12]

References
  1. Farr, E. R. and G. Zijlstra (ed.), Index Nominum Genericorum, Smithsonian Institution, retrieved 15 May 2015
  2. "Rubus plicatus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  3. Stace, C. (2010). New Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521707725.
  4. Rubus. In: Flora of China
  5. Jarvis, C.E. (1992). "Seventy-Two Proposals for the Conservation of Types of Selected Linnaean Generic Names, the Report of Subcommittee 3C on the Lectotypification of Linnaean Generic Names". Taxon. 41 (3): 552–583. doi:10.2307/1222833. JSTOR 1222833.
  7. "Rubus L. subg. Rubus". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  8. "Rubus fruticosus auct". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  9. "Rubus fruticosus L. sensu typo". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  10. Mansfeld, Rudolf (2001). Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops ((Except Ornamentals)). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 436. ISBN 978-3-540-41017-1.
  11. KIRÁLYI, G et al. Reopening an old chapter: A revised taxonomic and evolutionary concept of the Rubus montanus group. in: Preslia 89(4):309–331 ·December 2017 (accessed: 27 Apr 2019)
  12. The Plant List, retrieved 5 August 2016
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