Rufus Buck Gang

The Rufus Buck Gang was an outlaw multi-racial gang whose members were part African American and part Creek Indian.[1] They operated in the Indian Territory of the Arkansas-Oklahoma area from 1895 to 1896.

Rufus Buck Gang
Left to right:Maoma July; Sam Samspon;Rufus Buck; Lucky Davis; Lewis Davis.
FoundedJuly 28, 1895
Founding locationIndian Territory
Years active1895 to 1896
EthnicityAfrican American/Creek Indian
MembershipRufus Buck, Lewis Davis, Sam Sampson, Maoma July, Lucky Davis
ActivitiesArmed robbery, murder, rape

Formed by Rufus Buck, the gang consisted also of Lewis Davis, Sam Sampson, Maoma July, and Lucky Davis. The gang began building up a small stockpile of weapons while staying in Okmulgee, Oklahoma. After killing U.S. deputy marshal John Garrett on July 30, 1895, the gang began holding up various stores and ranches in the Fort Smith area during the next two weeks. In one incident, a salesman named Callahan – after being robbed – was offered a chance to escape if he could outrun the gang. When the elderly Callahan successfully escaped, the gang killed his assistant in frustration. At least two women victims who were raped by the gang died of their injuries.[2]

List of crimes committed by the gang
  • July 30, 1895: Killing of US Deputy Marshal John Garrett[3]
  • July 31, 1895: Coming across a white man and his daughter in a wagon, the gang held the man at gunpoint and took the girl.[4]
  • They killed a black boy and beat Ben Callahan until they mistakenly believed he was dead, then took Callahan's boots, money, and saddle.[4]\
  • Robbing of country stores of West and J. Norrberg at Orket, Oklahoma[4]
  • Murder of two white women and a 14-year-old girl[4]
  • August 4: Rape of a Mrs Hassan near Sapulpa, Oklahoma[5] Hassan and two of three other female victims of the gang—a Miss Ayres and an Indian girl near Sapulpa—also died; a fourth victim, Mrs Wilson, was reported to have recovered; it is reported that, after their capture, the gang was almost lynched[6]

Capture and hanging of the gang

Continuing attacks on both local settlers and Creek indiscriminately, the gang was captured outside Muskogee by a combined force of lawmen and Indian police of the Creek Light Horse, led by Marshal S. Morton Rutherford, on August 10.[7] While the Creek wanted to hold the gang for trial the men were brought before "Hanging" Judge Isaac Parker. He twice sentenced them to death, the first sentence not being carried out due to an unsuccessful appeal to the Supreme Court. They were hanged on July 1, 1896 at 1 pm at Fort Smith.[8]

Depiction in novels

A slightly modified account of the gang's crimes is the basis for the novel Winding Stair by Douglas C. Jones.

The Buck gang, "Hanging Judge" Isaac Parker, half-black, half-Indian outlaw Cherokee Bill, and the socio-political environment at the death of Indian Territory are the subjects of the 2011 historical novel I Dreamt I Was in Heaven - The Rampage of the Rufus Buck Gang by Leonce Gaiter.

See also

References
    • Sifakis, Carl. Encyclopedia of American Crime, New York, Facts on File Inc., 1982
  2. Annual report of the Department of the Interior, Volume 2 1896 .p.158
  3. ODMP memorial for John Garrett
  4. "Indian Outlaws Taken. Rufus Buck's Gang of Murderers Captured by Officers". San Francisco Call. August 12, 1895. p. 1.
  5. "Ft. Smith Leter (sic). Buck Gang Convicted — Blackstone train Robbery Unraveled". Indian Chieftain. September 26, 1895. p. 2.
  6. The Wichita daily Eagle August 24, 1895 .p.1
  7. "Buck Gang". The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society.
  8. Juliet Galonska (February 1995). "Rufus Buck Gang: A Time to Die". National Park Service.
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