Section 123 Agreement

Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1][2] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[3] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-three 123 Agreements with 48 countries.[4] Countries with which the U.S. has or had or is working towards having a 123 Agreement include:

• Morocco[5]
• Ukraine[6][7]

• Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)[8]
• Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)[8]
• China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)[8]
• Switzerland
• India (With advance consent to reprocessing)[9]
• Russia (On September 8, 2008 Pres. George W. Bush notified the United States Congress that there was no basis for further consideration of a 123 agreement with Russia.)[10]
• United Arab Emirates[11]
• Egypt[12]
• Thailand[7]
• Argentina[7]
• Australia[7]
• Bangladesh[7]
• Brazil[7]
• Canada[7]
• Colombia[7]
• Indonesia[7]
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)[7]
• Turkey[7]
• Kazakhstan[7]
• Republic of Korea[7]
• South Africa[7]
• Taiwan[7]