Selenoprotein P
In molecular biology, the protein domain selenoprotein P (SelP) is the only known eukaryotic selenoprotein that contains multiple selenocysteine (Sec) residues. It is a secreted glycoprotein, often found in the plasma. Its precise function remains to be elucidated; however, it is thought to have antioxidant properties.[1] This particular protein contains two domains: the C terminal and N terminal domain. The N-terminal domain is larger than the C terminal[2] and the N-terminal is thought to be glycosylated.[3]
| SelP, N terminus | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | SelP_N | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF04592 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0172 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR007671 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| SelP, C terminus | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | SelP_C | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF04593 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR007672 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Function
SelP may have antioxidant properties. It can attach to epithelial cells, and may protect vascular endothelial cells against peroxynitrite toxicity.[1] The high selenium content of SelP suggests that it may be involved in selenium intercellular transport or storage.[3] The promoter structure of bovine SelP suggests that it may be involved in countering heavy metal intoxication, and may also have a developmental function.[4]
Structure
The N-terminal region always contains one Sec residue, and this is separated from the C-terminal region (9-16 Sec residues) by a histidine-rich sequence.[3] The large number of Sec residues in the C-terminal portion of SelP suggests that it may be involved in selenium transport or storage. However, it is also possible that this region has a redox function.[3]
N terminal domain
Function
N-terminal domain allows conservation of whole body selenium and appears to supply selenium to the kidney[5]
Structure
The structure of the N-terminal domain is larger and contains less Selenium. However it is thought to be heavily glycosylated[5]
C terminal domain
Function
The function of the C-terminal domain is known to be vital for maintaining levels of selenium in brain and testis but not for the maintenance of whole body selenium. Brain and testis tissue.[5]
Structure
The C-terminal domain is smaller in size but far more rich in selenium.[5]
Protein interactions
Binds to heparin in a pH-dependent manner[2]
References
- Mostert V (April 2000). "Selenoprotein P: properties, functions, and regulation". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 376 (2): 433–8. doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.1735. PMID 10775431.
- Burk RF; Hill KE (2009). "Selenoprotein P-expression, functions, and roles in mammals". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1790 (11): 1441–7. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.026. PMC 2763998. PMID 19345254.
- Kryukov GV; Gladyshev VN (December 2000). "Selenium metabolism in zebrafish: multiplicity of selenoprotein genes and expression of a protein containing 17 selenocysteine residues". Genes Cells. 5 (12): 1049–60. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00392.x. PMID 11168591. S2CID 31432708.
- Fujii M; Saijoh K; Kobayashi T; Fujii S; Lee MJ; Sumino K (October 1997). "Analysis of bovine selenoprotein P-like protein gene and availability of metal responsive element (MRE) located in its promoter". Gene. 199 (1–2): 211–7. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00369-7. PMID 9358058.
- Hill KE, Zhou J, Austin LM, Motley AK, Ham AJ, Olson GE, et al. (2007). "The selenium-rich C-terminal domain of mouse selenoprotein P is necessary for the supply of selenium to brain and testis but not for the maintenance of whole body selenium". J Biol Chem. 282 (15): 10972–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M700436200. PMID 17311913.