Sisymbrium erysimoides

Sisymbrium erysimoides, known as smooth mustard,[1] is a plant in the familyBrassicaceae. [2] It is found on roadsides and wasteland, and as a weed of arable land. A native to western Mediterranean region, it is now well-established throughout the world.

Smooth mustard
Sisymbrium erysimoides (inflorescence)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Sisymbrium
Species:
S. erysimoides
Binomial name
Sisymbrium erysimoides
Desf.

Description

Cool season annual, erect, glabrous or shortly pubescent herb 10–80 cm tall. Basal leaves are to 15 cm long, lyrate-pinnatifid, toothed, petiolate, reducing to lanceolate, mostly toothed. Flowerheads are paniculate. Sepals are 1–2 mm long and glabrous. Petals are 1–2.5 mm long, yellow to pale yellow. Siliqua are linear, straight, horizontal, 2.5–5 cm long, 1 mm wide and attenuate into a style; pedicels are thick and 2–5 mm long. Flowering is in late winter and spring.

Introduced in Australia where is now widespread in dry regions west of the Tablelands.

Uses

In food

Young leaves are eaten as salads.[3]

Traditional medicine

Ethnobotanically used as a medicinal plants for respiratory disorders.[2][4] Antioxidant molecules- Apigenin, apigenin-7-O-galctoside, apigenin-7-O-β-rhamnoside, apigenin-7-O-glucuronide, kaempferol, apigenin-7-O-rhamnosyl galactoronide, kaempferol-3-xyloside-7-galactoside, quercetin-6,4′-dimethoxy-3-fructo-rhamnoside, quercetin 4′-methoxy-3-fructo-rhamnoside were reported to identified from the plant.[5] The whole plant extract was reported to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.[5]

References
  1. Entwisle, T.J. (1996). Brassicaceae. In: Walsh, N.G.; Entwisle, T.J. (eds), Flora of Victoria Vol. 3, Dicotyledons Winteraceae to Myrtaceae. Inkata Press, Melbourne.
  2. Rahman, M. (2018). "Brassicaceae mustards: Traditional and agronomic uses in Australia and New Zealand". Molecules. 23 (1): 231. doi:10.3390/molecules23010231. PMC 6017612. PMID 29361740.
  3. http://flora.org.il/en/books/plant-stories-2/chapter-e/useful_plants_e2/
  4. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.005
  5. Al-Jaber, Nabilah A.; Awaad, Amani S.; Moses, John E. (2011). "Review on some antioxidant plants growing in Arab world". Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 15 (4): 293–307. doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2011.07.004.
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