Southern bent-wing bat

The subspecies name is derived from the border between this subspecies and the eastern bent-wing bat, the Bassian volcanic plains.[3]

Mating occurs in the autumn, but the embryo doesn't begin to grow until the spring due to delayed implantation.[7] Females do not reproduce until their second year.[7] The offspring, called pups, are born at 20% of their adult size, and reach full size by ten weeks of age.[7] Southern bent-wing bats rely heavily on cave structure, choosing caves that allow high heat and humidity, which promotes development of their young, which are born hairless.[8] The pups begin learning to fly at seven weeks old.[7]

One possible cause of the species decline is climate change. In December 2006, over three hundred dead or dying bats were on the floor of Bat Cave, with other emaciated individuals still hanging on the walls.[9] The cause of this mortality was attributed to lack of insects due to drought, in addition to a record number of cold nights that further suppressed insect activity.[9] There has also been a significant decrease in genetic variation in recent years, which could cause further decline of the subspecies.[10] Another possible cause of decline of this subspecies is guano mining in Australia, which frequently involved changing the shapes of caves to make extraction easier.[2] Guano mining changed the cave environments by lowering their humidity, which possibly made them inhospitable to bat colonies.[11] It is unknown if pesticide or heavy metal exposure is contributing to the decline of this subspecies, although DDT and its related compounds DDD and DDE have been found in their guano, livers, pectoral muscles, brains, and fat tissues.[12]

A major concern for conservation of this subspecies is the potential arrival of white-nose syndrome, which has killed millions of bats in North America since its introduction in 2007. A risk assessment stated that it was "Almost Certain" that white-nose syndrome would arrive in Australia by 2027.[13] While many caves in Australia would be too warm for the cold-loving fungus that causes white-nose syndrome, the caves in southern Australia are colder and suitable for growth of the fungus.[13] The risk assessment predicted that of all cave-roosting bat species in Australia, the arrival of white-nose syndrome would have the most severe effect on the southern bent-wing bat.[13]

Fences have been placed outside of Bat Cave to deter foxes and rabbits from entering.[2] Totally closing off cave entrances with bat-accessible gates, while effective for managing some species, is not effective for this subspecies, as it avoids caves with gates.[2] Human access to Bat Cave is strictly regulated to minimize disturbance to the maternity colony, but Starlight Cave is on private land and therefore less protected.[2] Most critically, researchers are seeking to determine what is responsible for the drastic decline of the subspecies, so more focused conservation actions can be implemented.[2]