Staged crash

• The "Swoop and Squat" scheme involves two cars: one drives beside the victim, while the other ‘swoops’ in front of the victim car and stops suddenly, causing a rear-end collision. The first car is usually full of accomplices who will claim that they were injured even if it was only a low-speed collision, submitting fraudulent claims to the insurance company. The swoop car is usually driven by an experienced ring member, while the “squat” car is generally full of either accomplices, or victims.[2] In the 1990s, poor Hispanic immigrants were recruited to drive the swoop cars: a high-risk job that nobody wanted, but for which the immigrants could be paid only $100. One such driver, Jose Luis Lopez Perez, died after a swoop and squat crash, leading to an investigation which revealed the extent of this fraud.[3]
• The "Panic Stop" requires two merging traffic lanes. As one driver signals to merge into the next lane, he is waved forward by another driver who proceeds to crash into the unsuspecting driver, later claiming they never realized the person was going to merge lanes.[4]
• The "Sideswipe" involves a victim car who drifts into the adjacent lane while making a turn. The perpetrator of this fraud rushes to crash into the car that just drifted into his/her lane. Claiming innocence, the perpetrator then submits a claim to their insurer.[5]
• "Shady Helpers" is a form of ambulance chasing that usually happens after a genuine crash has occurred. A fraud runner will solicit a crash victim and advertise the services of specific repair shops, chiropractors, or lawyers. These, in turn, will submit fraudulent claims on the victim's behalf or deceive the victim into undergoing unnecessary treatments or lawsuits.[6]
• "Crash For Cash Scams" Crash for cash scammers choose their victims carefully – they keep an eye out for drivers who look like they would be fully insured but be less likely to cause a fuss. The criminals, in a car in front of the victim, slam on the brakes for no obvious reason, and the victim has no time to react and collides with the car in front. Another scenario (known as ‘flash for cash’) happens when a driver flashes their lights at a junction to let the victim out, then crashes into the victim's car deliberately. The other driver will insist the accident is the victim's fault. The scammer will then hand over their insurance details – sometimes already prepared and written down. A few weeks after the accident the victim's insurers will write to the victim with details of the other driver's claim which will be exaggerated with costs like car hire, recovery and whiplash injuries.[7]

Florida is the only state that has specific legislation against faking a car crash in order to receive insurance money.[8] Other states have passed or are eyeing diverse legislation targeting efforts by gangs to bring in real and fake crash passengers to lodge phone crash-injury claims. At least 15 states and the District of Columbia have passed laws targeting runners of crash gangs or soliciting of real auto crash passengers.[9]

• Pengci