Stephanospora

Stephanospora is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Stephanosporaceae (order: Russulales). As of September 2015, Index Fungorum lists six species in the genus;[1] nine new Australasian species were described in 2014 from collections previously thought to represent S. flava.[2]

Stephanospora
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Russulales
Family:
Stephanosporaceae
Genus:
Stephanospora

Pat. (1914)
Type species
Stephanospora caroticolor
(Berk.) Pat. (1914)

Taxonomy

Stephanospora was circumscribed by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1914 with S. caroticolor (formerly classified as a species of Hydnangium) as the type species.[3]

Species
  • S. aorangi Beever, Castellano & T.Lebel (2015)
  • S. caroticolor (Berk.) Pat. (1914)
  • S. chilensis (E.Horak) J.M.Vidal (2005) — South America, Europe[4]
  • S. corneri Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1979) — Singapore[5]
  • S. cribbae T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. flava (Rodway) G.W.Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K.Young (1985) — Australia, South Africa
  • S. hystrispora T.Lebel & Castellano, (2015) — Australia
  • S. kanuka T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. novae-caledoniae T.Lebel, Castellano & K.Hosaka (2015) — New Caledonia
  • S. occidentiaustralis T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. papua T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Papua New Guinea
  • S. penangensis Corner & Hawker (1953) — Peninsular Malaysia[6]
  • S. poropingao T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. pounamu T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — New Zealand
  • S. redolens (G.Cunn.) E.Horak (1979)
  • S. sheoak T.Lebel & Castellano (2015) — Australia
  • S. tetraspora T.Lebel, Beever & Castellano (2015) — Australia

Natural compounds

The "carrot truffle", Stephanospora caroticolor, contains the compound stephanosporin, a 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol precursor. The compound, which gives the fruitbody its orange colour, converts to the toxic 2-chloro-4-nitrophenolate when the fruitbody is injured.[7]

References
  1. Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 18th March 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  2. Lebel T, Castellano MA, Beever RE (2014). "Cryptic diversity in the sequestrate genus Stephanospora (Stephanosporaceae: Agaricales) in Australasia". Fungal Biology. 119 (4): 201–228. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2014.12.007. PMID 25813509.
  3. Patouillard NT. (1914). "Quelques Champignons du Congo". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 30 (3): 336–346.
  4. Vidal JM. (2005). "The genus Stephanospora Pat., two new combinations" (PDF). Revista Catalana de Micologia. 26: 97–111.
  5. Pegler DN, Young TWK (1953). "The gasteroid Russulales". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 72 (3): 353–388 (see p. 383). doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(79)80143-6.
  6. Corner EJH, Hawker LE (1953). "Hypogeous fungi from Malaya". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 36 (2): 125–137 (see p. 130). doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(53)80057-4.
  7. Lang M, Spiteller P, Hellwig V, Steglich W (2001). "Stephanosporin, a "traceless" precursor of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol in the gasteromycete Stephanospora caroticolor". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English. 40 (9): 1704–1705. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010504)40:9<1704::AID-ANIE17040>3.0.CO;2-L. PMID 11353486.


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