Stephen G. Brush

Brush was born in Bangor, Maine, USA and he studied Physics and Chemistry at Harvard University, earning a Bachelor of Science in Physics at the age of 20 in 1955. He was selected as a Rhodes Scholar and he earned his Doctor of Philosophy (D. Phil.) in theoretical physics from the University of Oxford in England in 1958.[1] He was a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellow at Imperial College London from 1958-1959.[1]

Brush worked as a physicist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California in the area of statistical mechanics and plasma physics for six years, 1959-1965.[1] In 1965 he returned to New England, as a lecturer in Physics at Harvard University. There he was involved in the development of a high school physics curriculum called Harvard Project Physics, which used stories from the history of physics to engage students.[1]

In 1968 Brush accepted a tenure track faculty appointment in history of science at the University of Maryland, College Park.[1] He held a unique joint appointment in the History department and in the Institute for Physical Science and Technology, and he received recognition as a Distinguished Scholar-Teacher (1980-1981) and Distinguished University Professor (1995).[1] During his time at the University of Maryland, Brush worked to eliminate discriminatory practices, recognize cultural diversity, and improve undergraduate education.[1]

Brush retired from the University of Maryland in 2007 after 39 years. At retirement he held the rank of tenured full professor, with the title Distinguished Professor of the History of Science.[1] In his role as Distinguished Professor, Dr. Brush was selected as a guest speaker for a special Mathematics lecture held on the College Park campus on November 7, 2003 which can be viewed on YouTube.

Brush was active in university service during his career at the University of Maryland, including serving as President of the campus chapter of the American Association of University Professors (1979-1980), chair of the Faculty Council (1982-1983), elected to represent the History Department of College Park campus' University Senate (1991). He also chaired the Human Relations committee of the Senate (1991-1992, 1993-1994, 2004-2005).[1] Brush had a particular interest in the history of physics, and was the founder and former co-editor of the American Physical Society's History of Physics Newsletter. He was very active in professional organizations for physics and history of science, and served a term as President of the international History of Science Society from 1990-1991.[2]

Since 2013, Brush has been listed on the Advisory Council of the National Center for Science Education.[3]

In 1977 Brush became a Fellow of the American Physical Society,[4] and in 1981 he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.[5]

Brush received the 1977 Pfizer Award from the History of Science Society for best book on the history of science for his 1976 book, The Kind of Motion We Call Heat.[6]

In 2009, he received the Abraham Pais Science History Award from the American Physical Society.[7]

Brush was a commencement speaker at the 2015 University of the Sciences commencement, at which he also received an honorary degree. [8]

Brush has been a science historian since the early 1960s. Some of his fields of research include statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, and several areas of geophysics (the planetesimal theory of the origin of the planets, discovery of the earth’s core through seismic waves, theories of the origin of the moon, and the age of the Earth). Later he became interested in natural selection and the continuing debates between proponents of evolution and creationism, and more generally how theories become accepted by the scientific community.[9]

His work on the history of thermodynamics began with a series of essays in Annals of Science (1957/1958) on the kinetic theory of gases. In this work he brought attention to forgotten precursors of kinetic theory like John Herapath and John James Waterston, who formulated the law of equal distribution in 1845 rejected by the Royal Society. In 1964 Brush translated the lectures of Ludwig Boltzmann on Gas Theory into English, and edited several reprint volumes of classical works from statistical mechanics. His first set of two books on Kinetic Theory of Gases was published by Pergamon Press in 1966. The third volume of the series was published in 1972. This was followed by a two volume set called The Kind of Motion We Call Heat, published in 1976, and The Temperature of History, in 1978 (see Publications list).[9]

During the 1980s and 1990s, Brush’s research shifted in focus to study of theories of the origin of the solar system, the moon, and the earth. In addition to many journal articles, his work culminated in a three-volume series titled A History of Modern Planetary Physics. He also continued to write about the history of science for less specialized audiences. In 1988 Brush published The History of Modern Science. A Guide to the Second Scientific Revolution 1800–1950. A book about the history of physics for non-scientists written with former Harvard colleague Gerald Holton called Physics, the human adventure, from Copernicus to Einstein and beyond, was published in 2001. Since 2001 Dr. Brush has studied the question of why various scientific theories, such as the theory of relativity or Mendeleyev's Periodic System of Elements, prevailed. This avenue of research culminated in his 2015 book, Making 20th Century Science: How Theories Became Knowledge.

Brush was married to the late Phyllis Brush for 55 years and has two children and two grandchildren.[1]

For a complete list of Brush's publications, visit his website: http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~brush/StephenGBrushHomePage.html.