Summum Bonum (poem)

"Summum Bonum" is a poem by Robert Browning.[1] It was published in poet's last book, Asolando in 1889.[2] It is a short poem or epigram. The title is a Latin phrase that means the highest good.

Asolando by Robert Browning

Form

The poem is composed of eight lines. They are not equally long. Some are fifteen syllables long, while others are only six syllables long. The metre is anapaestic.[3] The longer lines are built of five feet:

x x / x x / x x / x x / x x /

and the shorter of only two feet:

x x / x x /

while Browning frequently employs what might be considered cretic substitutions:

  /    x     /      /   x     /     /  x    /
Breath and bloom, shade and shine, wonder, wealth...

The lines rhyme according to the scheme ABABBCAC and also feature alliteration.[4][5]

Text

All the breath and the bloom of the year in the bag of one bee:
  All the wonder and wealth of the mine in the heart of one gem:
In the core of one pearl all the shade and the shine of the sea:
  Breath and bloom, shade and shine,—wonder, wealth, and—how far above them—
  Truth, that's brighter than gem,
  Trust, that's purer than pearl,—
Brightest truth, purest trust in the universe—all were for me
  In the kiss of one girl.[6]

Critical reception

A Polish literary critic, Leon Winiarski, who was active at the end of the 19th century, was disgusted with the poem. In his view Browning should not have written it. Winiarski, however, expressed his opinion in a way which also may be felt disgusting, writing: "We have to laugh, when we read that this eighty-year-old man standing at the edge of a grave thinks that the greatest happiness in life is in 'kissing a girl'."[7]

References
  1. Robert Browning at Poetry Foundation.
  2. Robert Browning at Encyclopaedia Britanncia.
  3. More about anapaestic metre is in: Joseph Berg Esenwein, Mary Eleanor Roberts, The art of versification, p. 51.
  4. Alliteration at Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  5. Paulina Estella Buhl, A Historical and Critical Study of Browning's Asolando Volume, p. 132.
  6. Browning, Robert (1897). The Poetical Works. 2. London: Smith Elder and Co. p. 745.
  7. Leon Winiarski, Robert Browning (a review of Asolando), Prawda. Tygodnik polityczny, społeczny i literacki, Warszawa 14(2) czerwca 1890 r. s. 284.

Bibliography
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