Sundsvall

Sundsvall (Swedish: [ˈsɵ̂nː(d)sval] (listen))[2] is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County, Sweden. It has a population of 51,354 as of 2010; more than 95,000 live in the municipal area. It is Sweden's 21st largest city by population.

For the Swedish ships, see HSwMS Sundsvall.
Sundsvall
Top:Panorama view of downtown Sundsvall, Stenstaden and South Stadsberget, 2nd left:Mid Sweden University (Mittuniversitetet), 2nd right:Court of Appeal for Lower Norrland in Bunsouska Pond, 3rd left:North Gate Arena and Gustav Adolf Church, 3rd right:Sundsvall Theater, Bottom:Kulturmagasinet, Sundsvall Museum and Library
Sundsvall
Sundsvall
Coordinates: 62°24′N 17°19′E
CountrySweden
ProvinceMedelpad
CountyVästernorrland County
MunicipalitySundsvall Municipality
Area
 • City27.46 km2 (10.60 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2010)[1]
 • City51,354
 • Density1,847/km2 (4,780/sq mi)
 • Urban
97,755
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)

History
Sundsvall c. 1700, in Suecia antiqua et hodierna

The town was chartered in 1621, and a first urban plan for Sundsvall was probably created by Olof Bure in 1642, less likely in 1623.[3] It has a port by the Gulf of Bothnia, and is located 395 km north of Stockholm. The city has burned down and been rebuilt four times.[4] The first time, in 1721, it was set on fire by the Russian army during the Russian Pillage of 1719-1721.

The city was burnt on 25 June 1888.[5]

According to one historian, Swedish industrialism started in Sundsvall when the Tunadal sawmill bought a steam-engine driven saw in 1849. In the early 20th century Sundsvall was an even greater centre of forestry industry in Sweden than it is today. The first large Swedish strike was the "Sundsvall strike" in 1879.[6] The industrial heritage makes social democrat and socialist sympathies more prevalent in the Sundsvall region than in Sweden as a whole.

In 1888 on 25 June, strong wind and dry conditions contributed to two city fires in Sweden on the same day. On this day both Umeå and Sundsvall caught fire.[5] The Sundsvall fire was the largest in Sweden's history. It is presumed that the fire was caused by a spark from a steamship. After the fire, and unlike Umeå, the decision was to rebuild using stone. Sundsvall's centre was later nicknamed Stenstaden (the stone city). One advantage of the new construction was that within three years the town was arguing that it should be allowed reduced insurance as new rules had been brought in that applied to wooden towns. One disadvantage was that after the fire only the better off could afford to live in the centre.[7]

Today Sundsvall is not only dominated by the pulp and paper industry, and the aluminium production but there are also banks, insurance companies, telecommunications administration and a number of large public data-processing centres such as the national social insurance board. The main campus of the newly established Mid Sweden University (Mittuniversitetet) is also located in the city. The university is a collaboration between Östersund, Sundsvall and Härnösand.

Storgatan, the famous main street in Sundsvall in the heart of Stenstaden ("The stone city")

Culture

During 1987–2013, there was a summer music festival called Gatufesten. Starting in 2014 there's a new one called Hamnyran. There are two theatres and various musical venues. There is also a small guitar festival and a larger heavy metal festival every autumn called Nordfest.[8] Sundsvall is also home to the unique festival Musikschlaget,[9] which is a song contest for groups around Sweden with disabilities.

Transport

Its airport is Sundsvall-Timrå Airport, also called Midlanda.

Sport
Bandy field

Notable people
Sundsvall viewed from above Sundsvall City Centre Gustav Adolfskyrkan

Climate

Sundsvall has a climate which is on the border between subarctic and cold continental, leaning towards the latter in recent years. Temperatures are made significantly milder and regulated by the influence from the Gulf Stream. The weather station is located 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the north and somewhat further inland, which renders that Sundsvall's urban centre is likely milder in terms of low temperatures by some degree.

Climate data for Sundsvall Airport (2002–2015); extremes since 1943; precipitation & sunshine[10] 1961–1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.0
(51.8)		 13.8
(56.8)		 15.2
(59.4)		 21.9
(71.4)		 27.4
(81.3)		 35.0
(95.0)		 33.0
(91.4)		 31.3
(88.3)		 27.2
(81.0)		 20.1
(68.2)		 14.0
(57.2)		 10.5
(50.9)		 33.0
(91.4)
Average high °C (°F) −2.5
(27.5)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 3.2
(37.8)		 8.5
(47.3)		 13.9
(57.0)		 18.3
(64.9)		 21.5
(70.7)		 20.0
(68.0)		 15.4
(59.7)		 8.2
(46.8)		 2.5
(36.5)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 8.0
(46.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.6
(20.1)		 −5.8
(21.6)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 3.5
(38.3)		 8.6
(47.5)		 12.8
(55.0)		 16.6
(61.9)		 15.4
(59.7)		 10.7
(51.3)		 4.3
(39.7)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 4.4
(39.9)
Average low °C (°F) −10.6
(12.9)		 −10.2
(13.6)		 −6.3
(20.7)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 3.3
(37.9)		 7.4
(45.3)		 11.8
(53.2)		 10.8
(51.4)		 6.0
(42.8)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 −0.1
(31.8)
Record low °C (°F) −35.5
(−31.9)		 −34.8
(−30.6)		 −34.2
(−29.6)		 −20.0
(−4.0)		 −8.2
(17.2)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 1.9
(35.4)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −7.7
(18.1)		 −15.2
(4.6)		 −22.1
(−7.8)		 −36.6
(−33.9)		 −36.6
(−33.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.3
(1.51)		 28.1
(1.11)		 29.5
(1.16)		 31.9
(1.26)		 34.6
(1.36)		 40.7
(1.60)		 58.0
(2.28)		 64.1
(2.52)		 63.8
(2.51)		 51.8
(2.04)		 53.1
(2.09)		 46.1
(1.81)		 539.3
(21.23)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 43 81 135 185 259 287 267 215 142 98 57 34 1,803
Source 1: SMHI precipitation average 1961–1990[11]
Source 2: SMHI climate data 2002–2015[12]

[13] Because of the availability of snow, the Sundsvall Regional Hospital, covering 190 000m2,[14] is cooled down year-round by stored snow, bringing down energy consumption for hospital cooling by 90%.[14][15]

References
  1. "Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 14 December 2011. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
  2. Jöran Sahlgren; Gösta Bergman (1979). Svenska ortnamn med uttalsuppgifter (in Swedish). p. 23.
  3. Nils Ahlberg, Stadsgrundningar och planförändringar : Svensk stadsplanering 1521–1721 Archived 14 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, avhandling vid Institutionen för landskapsplanering Ultuna och Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, Stockholms universitet 2005, s. 550
  4. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 2 March 2009.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. Fire of 1888 Archived 29 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Sunsvall.se, retrieved 28 May 2014
  6. http://www.popularhistoria.se/o.o.i.s?id=43&vid=612%5B%5D
  7. Rohland, Eleonora (1 February 2011). "From Wood to Stone: The Risk Management of Swiss Re in The Sundsvall Fire 1888". Environment and History. 17 (1): 153–169. doi:10.3197/096734011X12922359173096. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
  8. "Nordfest". www.nordfest.se. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  9. "www.musikschlaget.se". www.musikschlaget.se. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  10. "NOAA WMO Normals 1691–1990". National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration].
  11. "SMHI precipitation average 1961–1990" (in Swedish). Swedish Metereological and Hydrological Institute (Sundsvalls flygplats code 12 731). Archived from the original on 2 May 2018.
  12. "SMHI climate data 2002–2015" (in Swedish). SMHI. 11 April 2016. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015.
  13. "NOAA WMO Normals 1691–1990". National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration].
  14. "Snow cooling in Sundsvall". http://www.lvn.se/. Västernorrland County Council. 24 January 2011. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. External link in |website= (help)
  15. Skogsberg, Kjell (2002). "The Sundsvall Regional Hospital snow cooling plant—results from the first year of operation". Cold Regions Science and Technology. 34 (2): 135–142. doi:10.1016/S0165-232X(01)00067-2. ISSN 0165-232X.
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