T57 (tank)

The T57 was armed with the 120 mm T179 rifled tank gun, a derivative of the T123E1 gun found on the failed T43 tank. The gun was mounted to the T169 mount located inside the vehicle's oscillating turret, which allowed for a maximum of 15 degrees of gun elevation or -8 degrees of depression by shifting the turret structure up and down rather than the gun itself. The T169 featured a hydrospring gun recoil system. The T179 was able to fire a variety of ammunition, including T284 armor piercing (AP) shells, T308 HEP shells, T275 high explosive (HE) and T309 high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds. The AP rounds were tested to be able to penetrate 10.8 inches of homogeneous plate at 2000 yards or 9.8 inches at 1000 yards, while the HEAT round was able to penetrate 16 inches of plate. The T179 was reloaded by an autoloader system that had an estimated firerate of 30 rounds per minute. Due to the large size of the one-piece ammunition, a maximum of 18 rounds were able to be carried.[1]

The T57 was well protected for a tank at its time; it featured armour heavier than the M103 heavy tank despite using a hull based on its design. All of the armour of the tank was of cast homogeneous armour. The frontal upper glacis featured upwards of 127 mm of armour sloped at 60 degrees while the lower glacis featured 114.3 mm of armour at 45 degrees. The sides of the vehicles were 76.2 mm thick while the rear was 38.1 to 25.4 mm thick. The oscillating turret was the most armoured section of the vehicle, with a 127 mm plate angled at 60 degrees. The gun mantlet was 254 to 101.6 mm thick at 45 degrees. The sides of the turret were 136 to 69.85 mm thick at 20 to 40 degrees of angling while the rear of the turret was 38.1 mm thick as was the roof of the tank. The belly of the vehicle was 12.7 to 38.1 mm thick. The hull of the vehicle retained the iconic rounded cast steel "beak" design of the frontal hull seen on both the M103 and M48 tanks.[1] The armour of the T57 was supposed to provide immunity for the vehicle against all existing Soviet anti-tank weapons at the intended engagement ranges of the vehicle. Heavy emphasis was placed on the turret armour due to the intention for the T57 and other NATO heavy tanks to provide long range fire in hull down positions.

The T57 was powered by a Continental AV1790 12 cylinder air-cooled gasoline engine that could propel the vehicle to a maximum of 35 km/h, a comparable speed to the M103 tank which utilised the same engine. This was however far slower than medium tanks at the time such as the M48 and Soviet T-54/T-55, which could easily reach 40–50 km/h of speed. A significant downside of the T57 was its very low range of 80 miles or 130 km due to its very inefficient engine, a similar issue that had also befallen the M103.