TSR3

TSR3, or TSR3 Ribosome Maturation Factor, is a hypothetical human protein found on chromosome 16.[5] Its protein is 312 amino acids long.[6] and its cDNA has 1214 base pairs[7] It was previously designated C16orf42.

TSR3
Identifiers
AliasesTSR3, C16orf42, acp transferase ribosome maturation factor, TSR3 ribosome maturation factor
External IDsOMIM: 617058 MGI: 1915577 HomoloGene: 6922 GeneCards: TSR3
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 16 (human)[1]
Band16p13.3Start1,349,240 bp[1]
End1,351,878 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

115939

68327

Ensembl

ENSG00000007520

ENSMUSG00000015126

UniProt

Q9UJK0

Q5HZH2

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001001410

NM_001163718
NM_026676

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001001410

NP_001157190
NP_080952

Location (UCSC)Chr 16: 1.35 – 1.35 MbChr 17: 25.24 – 25.24 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

The function of C16orf42 is unknown. It is predicted to be a transmembrane protein, however the cellular or subcellular membrane in which is resides is as well unknown.[8]

Homology

C16orf42 can also be found in many other organisms, including mammals, and certain fungi and plants.[9] It is not found in bacteria.[9] C16orf42 is highly conserved in many of its orthologs, especially its mammalian orthologs, as high as 95% identity in rhesus monkeys.[9] It also has fairly high conservation in its more distant homologs, 53% identity in corn for example.[9] It has one potential human paralog, the protein EGFL6.[10]

Ortholog Analysis:

Genus and species Common name NCBI accession Length Identity Similarity
Macaca mulattaRhesus monkeyXP_001088384312 aa95%96%
Bos taurusCattleNP_001092381315 aa82%87%
Canis familiarisDogXP_537015312 aa79%85%
Equus caballusHorseXP_001915599324 aa78%83%
Rattus norvegicusRatEMD03916324 aa73%80%
Mus musculusMouseNP_080952323 aa73%80%
Gallus gallusChickenXP_414890311 aa63%76%
Danio rerioZebra fishNP_001002370297 aa62%75%
Tetraodon nigroviridisGreen spotted pufferCAG04371247 aa62%74%
Trichoplax adhaerensTrichoplaxXP_002118089284 aa46%64%
Ciona intestinalisSea squirtXP_002129931265 aa52%68%
Ornithorhynchus anatinusPlatypusXP_001517034285 aa74%85%
Hydra magnipapillataHydraXP_002161680232 aa55%71%
Aedes aegyptiYellow fever mosquitoXP_001654463269 aa52%70%
Drosophila melanogasterFruit flyNP_650441274 aa54%70%
Apis melliferaWestern honey beeXP_625167258 aa50%69%
Debaryomyces hanseniiMarine yeastXP_461733333 aa49%64%
Aspergillus oryzaeMoldXP_001818982374 aa50%69%
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeYeastNP_014648313 aa52%68%
Zea maysCornACG47566271 aa53%69%
Caenorhabditis elegansC. elegansNP_741332261 aa47%65%

Expression

C16orf42 is not expressed ubiquitously in humans. It is most highly expressed in the ovary, but not expressed at all in the blood and very little in the brain.[11] One microarray experiment suggested that malaria causes its expression in the blood,[11] but further experimentation is needed to support this claim. Its expression in tissues tends to remain constant when the tissue is diseased.[11] However, a brief analysis of its orthologs show inconsistencies in tissue expression. This could be due to a lack of research of this protein in other species.

Structure

The structure of C16orf42 is unknown. It is predicted to have multiple regions of alpha-helices, and a few short stretches of beta-strands.[8] It contains a potential metal binding domain between amino acids 60–90.[6] It has a predicted molecular weight of 33.6 kdal and an isoelectric point of 6.496000, making it slightly acidic.[8] Compared to other human proteins, C16orf42 is high in the amino acids arginine and alanine, and low in the amino acid threonine.[8] A brief analysis of its strict orthologs show that they too are generally high in arginine and low in threonine as well as compared to the typical protein in their respective species.[8]

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000007520 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000015126 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (December 2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
  6. NCBI Protein
  7. NCBI Nucleotide.
  8. Biology Workbench
  9. NCBI BLAST
  10. UniGene

Further reading

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