TYRP1

Tyrosinase-related protein 1, also known as TYRP1, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the TYRP1 gene.[5][6]

TYRP1
Identifiers
AliasesTYRP1, CAS2, CATB, GP75, OCA3, TRP, TRP1, TYRP, b-PROTEIN, tyrosinase related protein 1
External IDsOMIM: 115501 MGI: 98881 HomoloGene: 464 GeneCards: TYRP1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 9 (human)[1]
Band9p23Start12,685,439 bp[1]
End12,710,285 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

7306

22178

Ensembl

ENSG00000107165

ENSMUSG00000005994

UniProt

P17643

P07147

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000550

NM_001282014
NM_001282015
NM_031202

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000541

NP_001268943
NP_001268944
NP_112479

Location (UCSC)Chr 9: 12.69 – 12.71 MbChr 4: 80.83 – 80.85 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

Tyrp1 is a melanocyte-specific gene product involved in melanin synthesis. While most Tyrp1 possesses dihydroxyindole carboxylic acid oxidase activity, the function in human melanocytes is less clear. In addition to its role in melanin synthesis, Tyrp1 is involved in stabilizing of tyrosinase protein and modulating its catalytic activity. Tyrp1 is also involved in maintenance of melanosome structure and affects melanocyte proliferation and melanocyte cell death.[7]

Clinical significance

Mutations in the mouse Tyrp1 gene are associated with brown pelage and in the human TYRP1 gene with oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3).[7] An allele of TYRP1 common in Solomon Islanders results in blond hair. Although the phenotype is similar to Northern European blond hair, this allele is not found in Europeans.[8][9]

Regulation

The expression of TYRP1 is regulated by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF).[10][11]

Interactions

TYRP1 has been shown to interact with GIPC1.[12]

See also

References

  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107165 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005994 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: TYRP1 tyrosinase-related protein 1".
  6. Box NF, Wyeth JR, Mayne CJ, O'Gorman LE, Martin NG, Sturm RA (January 1998). "Complete sequence and polymorphism study of the human TYRP1 gene encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1". Mamm. Genome. 9 (1): 50–3. doi:10.1007/s003359900678. PMID 9434945. S2CID 10020827.
  7. Sarangarajan R, Boissy RE (December 2001). "Tyrp1 and oculocutaneous albinism type 3". Pigment Cell Res. 14 (6): 437–44. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140603.x. PMID 11775055.
  8. Sindya N. Bhanoo (3 May 2012). "Another Genetic Quirk of the Solomon Islands: Blond Hair". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
  9. Kenny EE, Timpson NJ, Sikora M, Yee MC, Moreno-Estrada A, Eng C, Huntsman S, Burchard EG, Stoneking M, Bustamante CD, Myles S (3 May 2012). "Melanesian blond hair is caused by an amino acid change in TYRP1". Science. 336 (6081): 554. doi:10.1126/science.1217849. PMC 3481182. PMID 22556244.
  10. Fang D, Tsuji Y, Setaluri V (2002). "Selective down-regulation of tyrosinase family gene TYRP1 by inhibition of the activity of melanocyte transcription factor, MITF". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (14): 3096–106. doi:10.1093/nar/gkf424. PMC 135745. PMID 12136092.
  11. Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, Widmer DS, Praetorius C, Einarsson SO, Valgeirsdottir S, Bergsteinsdottir K, Schepsky A, Dummer R, Steingrimsson E (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using a two-step DNA microarray strategy". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 21 (6): 665–76. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2008.00505.x. PMID 19067971.
  12. Liu TF, Kandala G, Setaluri V (September 2001). "PDZ domain protein GIPC interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of melanosomal membrane protein gp75 (tyrosinase-related protein-1)". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (38): 35768–77. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103585200. PMID 11441007.

Further reading

  • Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P17643 (5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase) at the PDBe-KB.
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